"विकिपीडिया:IPA for Hindi and Urdu": अवतरणों में अंतर
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Dinesh smita (वार्ता | योगदान) |
Dinesh smita (वार्ता | योगदान) No edit summary |
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! colspan="4"| [[व्यंजन]] |
! colspan="4"| [[व्यंजन]] |
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! आईपीए !! हिन्दी !! उर्दु !! अंगेजी समकक्ष |
! आईपीए !! हिन्दी !! हिन्दी उदाहरण !!उर्दु !! अंगेजी समकक्ष |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big> |
|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big> |
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| ब || {{Nastaliq|ur|ب}}|| align="left"| a'''b'''ash |
| ब || '''ब'''ल ||{{Nastaliq|ur|ب}}|| align="left"| a'''b'''ash |
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|<big> b{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big> |
|<big> b{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big> |
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| भ || {{Nastaliq|ur| بھ }} || align="left"| a'''bh'''or |
| भ || '''भ'''क्त ||{{Nastaliq|ur| بھ }} || align="left"| a'''bh'''or |
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|<big> {{IPAlink|d̪}}</big> <ref name=coronal>To an English ear, {{IPA|[t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ]}} all sound like {{IPA|/t/}}, and {{IPA|[d̪ d̪ʱ ɖ ɖʱ]}} all sound like {{IPA|/d/}}. However, to a Hindi-Urdu speaker's ear these are very different sounds. {{IPA|[t̪ d̪]}} are like Spanish or French {{IPA|[t d]}}, with the tongue touching the teeth, and {{IPA|[t̪ʰ d̪]}} are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English {{IPA|/θ ð/}} (the ''th'' sounds). Hindi-Urdu {{IPA|[ʈ ɖ]}} are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and {{IPA|[ʈʰ ɖ]}} are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English ''t d''; {{IPA|[ʈ]}} is how they hear English ''t'' after ''s''.</ref> |
|<big> {{IPAlink|d̪}}</big> <ref name=coronal>To an English ear, {{IPA|[t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ]}} all sound like {{IPA|/t/}}, and {{IPA|[d̪ d̪ʱ ɖ ɖʱ]}} all sound like {{IPA|/d/}}. However, to a Hindi-Urdu speaker's ear these are very different sounds. {{IPA|[t̪ d̪]}} are like Spanish or French {{IPA|[t d]}}, with the tongue touching the teeth, and {{IPA|[t̪ʰ d̪]}} are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English {{IPA|/θ ð/}} (the ''th'' sounds). Hindi-Urdu {{IPA|[ʈ ɖ]}} are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and {{IPA|[ʈʰ ɖ]}} are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English ''t d''; {{IPA|[ʈ]}} is how they hear English ''t'' after ''s''.</ref> |
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| द || {{Nastaliq|ur| د }}|| align="left"| a'''d'''o (closer to French ''d'') |
| द || '''द'''म || {{Nastaliq|ur| د }}|| align="left"| a'''d'''o (closer to French ''d'') |
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|<big> d̪{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/> |
|<big> d̪{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/> |
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| ध || {{Nastaliq|ur| دھ }} || align="left"| a'''dh'''ere |
| ध || '''ध'''नुष || {{Nastaliq|ur| دھ }} || align="left"| a'''dh'''ere |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɖ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/> |
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɖ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/> |
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| ड || {{Nastaliq|ur| ڈ }}|| align="left"| gua'''rd''' |
| ड || '''ड'''मरू || {{Nastaliq|ur| ڈ }}|| align="left"| gua'''rd''' |
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|<big> ɖ{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/> |
|<big> ɖ{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/> |
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| ढ || ڈھ || align="left"| gua'''rdh'''ouse |
| ढ || '''ढ'''क्कन||ڈھ || align="left"| gua'''rdh'''ouse |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big> |
|<big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big> |
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| ज || ج || align="left"| he'''dg'''e |
| ज ||'''ज'''ल || ج || align="left"| he'''dg'''e |
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|<big> dʒ{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big> |
|<big> dʒ{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big> |
04:34, 19 फ़रवरी 2017 का अवतरण
नीचे दी गयी तालिका में विकिपीडिया के लेखों में हिन्दी और उर्दू के उच्चारण का प्रतिनिधित्व करने वाली अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला (आईपीए) को दर्शाया गया है।
हिन्दुस्तानी में स्वरों की ध्वनि की और गहन विवेचना के लिए हिन्दी-उर्दू स्वर विज्ञान देखें।
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टिप्पणी
- ↑ अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ To an English ear, [t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ] all sound like /t/, and [d̪ d̪ʱ ɖ ɖʱ] all sound like /d/. However, to a Hindi-Urdu speaker's ear these are very different sounds. [t̪ d̪] are like Spanish or French [t d], with the tongue touching the teeth, and [t̪ʰ d̪] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English /θ ð/ (the th sounds). Hindi-Urdu [ʈ ɖ] are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and [ʈʰ ɖ] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English t d; [ʈ] is how they hear English t after s.
- ↑ [v], [w] and intermediate [ʋ] are allophonic in Hindi-Urdu. Some words, such as vrat ('व्रत', fast), are pronounced with [v] and others, such as pakwan ('पकवान', food dish), are pronounced with [w].
- ↑ अ आ इ ई /iː, ɪ/ and /uː, ʊ/ are neutralized to [i, u] at the end of a word.