1 2 3 4 5 6 The German lenis consonants [bdɡzʒdʒ] are often pronounced without voice as [b̥d̥ɡ̊z̥ʒ̊d̥ʒ̊]. In Southern German, the voiceless pronunciation prevails.
1 2 3 Pronunciation of /r/ in German varies according to region and speaker. While older prescriptive pronunciation dictionaries allowed only [r], this pronunciation is nowadays found mainly in Switzerland, Bavaria and Austria, while in other regions the uvular pronunciation prevails, with the allophones [ʁ] and [ʀ]. In many regions except for Switzerland, the /r/ in the syllable coda is vocalized to [ɐ̯] after long vowels or after all vowels, and /ər/ is pronounced as [ɐ]
↑ /x/ is realized as a uvular fricative [χ] after /a/,/aː/, and often /ʊ/, /ɔ/, and /aʊ/.
↑ In many varieties of German except for Swiss Standard German, all initial vowels are preceded by [ʔ].
