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| IPA |
Hangul |
RR trans. |
English equivalent |
Notes |
| b | ㅂ[1] | b | ball | between voiced sounds |
| ɕ | ㅅ | s | she | before [i] or [j] |
| ɕ͈ | ㅆ | ss | — | before [i] or [j] |
| d | ㄷ[2] | d | doll | between voiced sounds |
| dʑ | ㅈ | j | gee | between voiced sounds |
| ɡ | ㄱ | g | gall | between voiced sounds |
| h | ㅎ | h | hall | |
| j | ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,
ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ[3] | y | y’all | Spelled by doubling the short line on the vowel. |
| k | ㄱ, ㅋ | g, k | skin | ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable. |
| k͈ | ㄲ | kk | — | tense [k] |
| kʰ | ㅋ, ㅎㄱ | k | call | |
| l | ㄹ, ㄴ | l | lip | ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable.
ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll]. |
| m | ㅁ, ㅂ | m | mall | ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m]. |
| n | ㄴ, ㄹ,
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ | n | not | ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word.
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m]. |
| ŋ | ㅇ, ㄱ | ng | king | ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable.
ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ] |
| p | ㅂ[1], ㅍ | b, p | span | ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable. |
| p͈ | ㅃ[1] | pp | — | tense [p] |
| pʰ | ㅍ[1], ㅎㅂ | p | pall | |
| ɾ | ㄹ | r | — | A flap, like Scots r or American ladder, between vowels |
| s | ㅅ[2] | s | Saul | [s] with almost no sibilance |
| s͈ | ㅆ | ss | — | tense [s] |
| t | ㄷ[2]
ㄷ, ㅌ[2], ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ | d
t | stall | All are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable. |
| t͈ | ㄸ | tt | — | tense [t] |
| tʰ | ㅌ[2], ㅎㄷ | t | tall | |
| tɕ | ㅈ | j | itchy | |
| tɕ͈ | ㅉ | jj | — | tense [tɕ] |
| tɕʰ | ㅊ, ㅎㅈ | ch | cheek | |
| w | ㅜ, ㅗ | w | wall | spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i];
ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a] |
| *ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers. |
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| IPA |
Hangul |
RR trans. |
Notes |
| a | ㅏ | a | spa |
| aː |
| e | ㅔ | e | Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in main |
| eː |
| ɛ | ㅐ | ae | met; similar to e for young speakers. |
| ɛː |
| i | ㅣ | i | mean |
| iː |
| o | ㅗ | o | Spanish o or French eau |
| oː |
| u | ㅜ | u | moon |
| uː |
| ʌ | ㅓ | eo | young (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in more, in North Korea) |
| əː |
| ɯ | ㅡ | eu | Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to eo for many dialects. |
| ɯː |
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| IPA |
Hangul |
RR trans. |
Notes |
| ɰi | ㅢ | ui | Only occurs in the first syllable of a word. |
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| IPA | Explanation |
| ː | Long vowel. Long [ʌ] is əː. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all. |
| ́ | High tone, on any one syllable or the first two; used outside Seoul. |
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