सामग्री पर जाएँ

सकल घरेलू उत्पाद के अनुसार देशों की सूची (पीपीपी)

मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से


2020 में जीडीपी (पीपीपी) के आधार पर शीर्ष 7 देश
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष के अनुमान के अनुसार।[1]
2021 में जीडीपी (पीपीपी) के आधार पर शीर्ष 10 देश

इस लेख में क्रय शक्ति समानता के आधार पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद ( संक्षिप्त रूप में- सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (पीपीपी) या जीडीपी (पीपीपी)) के पूर्वानुमानित आँकड़ों के आधार पर देशों की एक सूची शामिल है। जनवरी-अप्रैल 2017 की अवधि में वित्तीय और सांख्यिकीय संस्थानों द्वारा सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (पीपीपी) के पूर्वानुमानित आँकड़ों के अनुसार देशों की छंटनी की जाती है, तथा इनकी गणना बाजार या सरकारी आधिकारिक विनिमय दरों पर की जाती है। इस पृष्ठ पर दिए गए डेटा अंतर्राष्ट्रीय डॉलर (Int$) पर आधारित हैं, जो कि अर्थशास्त्रियों द्वारा उपयोग की जाने वाली एक मानकीकृत इकाई है। कुछ क्षेत्र जिन्हें व्यापक रूप से देश में नहीं माना जाता है, जैसे कि यूरोपीय संघ और हांगकांग, वे भी सूची इस में दिखते हैं, इसलिए कि वे विशिष्ट क्षेत्राधिकार वाले क्षेत्र या आर्थिक सत्ता हैं।

सूचियाँ

[संपादित करें]

सभी आंकड़े मौजूदा अंतरराष्ट्रीय डॉलर (Int$) में हैं।

2019 में जीडीपी (पीपीपी) के अनुसार देश।[n 1]
██ >$20 trillion██ $10–$20 trillion██ $5–$10 trillion██ $1–$5 trillion ██ $750 billion–$1 trillion██ $500–$750 billion██ $250–$500 billion██ $100–$250 billion ██ $50–$100 billion██ $25–$50 billion██ $5–$25 billion██ <$5 billion
आईएमएफ द्वारा जारी सूची (2019, अनुमानित)[2] विश्व बैंक द्वारा जारी सूची (2017)[3][4] CIA द्वारा जारी सूची(1993–2017)[5]
पददेश/क्षेत्रसकल घरेलू उत्पाद
(वर्तमान मिलियन Int$ में)
 विश्व141,859,625[6]
1 China[n 2]27,308,857
— European Union[n 3]22,774,165[8]
2 संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका21,439,453
3 भारत11,325,669
4 जापान5,747,496
5 जर्मनी4,444,368
6 रूस4,349,423
7 इण्डोनेशिया3,737,484
8 ब्राज़ील3,456,357
9 यूनाइटेड किंगडम3,131,199
10 फ़्रान्स3,061,143
11 Mexico2,627,851
12 Italy2,442,768
13 Turkey2,346,576
14 South Korea2,319,585
15 Spain1,940,539
16 Canada1,899,935
17 Saudi Arabia1,898,511
18 Iran1,470,661
19 Egypt1,391,256
20 Thailand1,383,022
21 Australia1,364,835
— Taiwan1,300,212
22 Poland1,286,920
23 Nigeria1,216,797
24 Pakistan1,202,091
25 Malaysia1,078,537
26 Philippines1,025,758
27 Netherlands1,005,274
28 Argentina903,542
29 Bangladesh837,588
30 South Africa809,034
31 Colombia783,002
32 Vietnam770,227
33 United Arab Emirates746,350
34 Iraq705,059
35 Algeria681,396
36 Singapore585,055
37 Belgium567,488
38  Switzerland565,646
39 Sweden563,882
40 Romania546,586
41 Kazakhstan537,664
42 Chile502,846
— Hong Kong490,880
43 Austria479,364
44 Peru478,303
45 Czech Republic413,119
46 Ireland412,797
47 Norway410,713
48 Ukraine409,257
49 Qatar365,835
50 Myanmar355,609
51 Israel354,197
52 Portugal345,572
53 Hungary332,225
54 Morocco328,651
55 Greece324,128
56 Denmark312,842
57 Kuwait312,100
58 Sri Lanka304,826
59 Uzbekistan297,222
60 Finland264,720
61 Ethiopia240,168
62 Ghana209,844
63 New Zealand206,225
64 Oman203,959
65 Angola203,433
66 Ecuador202,773
67 Dominican Republic201,266
68 Slovak Republic199,722
69 Belarus195,599
70 Tanzania191,631
71 Kenya191,263
72 Azerbaijan187,260
73 Sudan175,987
74 Bulgaria171,185
75 Guatemala153,322
76 Tunisia149,190
77 Serbia129,298
78 Turkmenistan121,885
79 Côte d'Ivoire117,110
80 Panama113,156
81 Croatia112,589
82 Uganda104,756
83 Lithuania102,179
84 Cameroon100,884
85 Paraguay97,163
86 Jordan97,161
87 Nepal94,419
88 Bolivia94,392
89 Costa Rica91,611
90 Lebanon91,286
91 Congo, Democratic Republic of the83,112
92 Uruguay82,969
93 Slovenia79,591
— Macau77,700
94 Bahrain76,951
95 Cambodia76,934
96 Afghanistan76,486
97 Zambia75,996
98 Yemen72,171
99 Luxembourg66,848
100 Senegal64,600
101 Libya61,559
102 Latvia60,562
103 Laos58,091
104 El Salvador55,731
105 Honduras51,757
106 Bosnia and Herzegovina49,794
107 Estonia47,306
108 Mongolia47,217
109 Mali47,181
110 Madagascar45,974
111 Georgia45,398
112 Trinidad and Tobago45,193
113 Botswana44,133
114 Burkina Faso42,222
115 Benin40,717
116 Mozambique40,600
117 Zimbabwe40,274
118 Albania40,151
119 Gabon39,648
120 Cyprus36,268
121 Brunei35,920
122 Nicaragua34,531
123 North Macedonia34,267
124 Papua New Guinea34,257
125 Tajikistan33,351
126 Guinea33,265
127 Armenia32,909
128 Republic of Congo32,768
129 Chad31,760
130 Mauritius31,663
131 Rwanda30,346
132 Equatorial Guinea28,970
133 Jamaica27,867
134 Namibia27,707
135 Moldova27,282
136 Kyrgyzstan25,915
137 Niger25,780
138 Malawi25,167
139 Malta22,982
— Kosovo22,179
140 South Sudan21,435
141 Haiti21,124
142 Iceland20,003
143 Mauritania19,811
144 Togo14,962
145 Sierra Leone13,079
146 Bahamas, The12,691
147 Somalia12,660
148 Montenegro12,516
149 Eswatini12,444
150 Fiji10,868
151 Suriname9,289
152 Maldives8,667
153 Burundi8,384
154 Bhutan8,199
155 Lesotho7,403
156 Guyana7,135
157 Timor-Leste6,823
158 Eritrea6,526
159 Liberia6,471
160 Gambia, The6,448
161 Barbados5,434
162 Aruba4,487
163 Cape Verde4,325
164 Djibouti6,004
165 Central African Republic4,262
166 Guinea-Bissau3,585
167 Belize3,520
168 Seychelles3,056
169 Antigua and Barbuda2,735
170 St. Lucia2,606
171 San Marino2,072
172 Grenada1,819
173 St. Kitts and Nevis1,729
174 Solomon Islands1,476
175 Comoros2,446
176 St. Vincent and the Grenadines1,375
177 Samoa1,237
178 Vanuatu862
179 Dominica849
180 São Tomé and Príncipe753
181 Tonga650
182 Micronesia, Federated States of365
183 Palau282
184 Kiribati250
185 Marshall Islands217
186 Nauru117
187 Tuvalu47
पददेश/क्षेत्रसकल घरेलू उत्पाद
(वर्तमान मिलियन Int$ में)
 विश्व127,723,794
1 China[n 2]23,300,783
2 United States19,390,604
3 India9,596,835
4 Japan5,487,161
5 Germany4,187,583
6 Russia3,817,201
7 Indonesia3,242,769
8 Brazil3,240,524
9 United Kingdom2,896,833
10 France2,871,264
11 Italy2,410,985
12 Mexico2,344,197
13 Turkey2,254,114
14 Korea, South1,969,106
15 Spain1,773,972
16 Saudi Arabia1,773,549
17 Canada1,702,435
18 Iran1,700,356
19 Thailand1,233,736
20 Australia1,157,298
21 Egypt1,129,919
— Taiwan1,119,607
22 Nigeria1,118,755
23 Poland1,112,364
24 Pakistan1,088,982
25 Malaysia930,749
26 Argentina920,248
27 Netherlands907,032
28 Philippines875,311
29 South Africa765,567
30 Colombia714,003
31 United Arab Emirates694,468
32 Bangladesh691,496
33 Iraq658,200
34 Vietnam647,368
35 Algeria631,150
36  Switzerland550,346
37 Belgium540,867
38 Singapore527,021
39 Romania506,132
40 Sweden504,088
41 Kazakhstan476,366
42 Austria462,990
— Hong Kong454,886
43 Chile434,848
44 Peru432,115
45 Venezuela409,389
46 Czech Republic390,989
47 Ukraine368,217
48 Ireland367,301
49 Qatar338,817
50 Israel334,667
51 Portugal331,445
52 म्यान्मार327,629
53 Norway322,101
54 Greece299,241
55 Morocco298,230
56 Kuwait297,594
57 Denmark291,600
58 Hungary277,543
59 Sri Lanka274,718
60 Finland249,065
61 Uzbekistan222,338
62 Ethiopia199,336
63 Sudan198,758
64 New Zealand196,152
65 Oman193,218
66 Ecuador193,138
67 Angola190,290
68 Belarus179,203
69 Slovakia174,678
70 Dominican Republic172,591
71 Azerbaijan171,588
72 Tanzania163,886
73 Kenya163,309
74 Bulgaria143,850
75 Guatemala137,849
76 Tunisia137,358
77 Ghana133,826
78 Libya125,142
79 Serbia105,966
80 Croatia104,233
81 Turkmenistan103,604
82 Panama100,194
83 Côte d'Ivoire96,046
84 Lithuania90,749
85 Lebanon89,263
86 Cameroon88,859
87 Jordan88,809
88 Costa Rica83,615
89 Bolivia83,546
90 Uganda79,889
91 Nepal78,591
92 Uruguay77,992
93 Yemen75,346
94 Congo, Democratic Republic of the72,165
95 Slovenia71,926
— Macau71,672
96 Bahrain70,937
97 Afghanistan70,368
98 Zambia69,235
99 Paraguay66,007
100 Cambodia64,050
101 Luxembourg62,139
102 Latvia53,561
103 El Salvador51,061
104 Laos48,167
105 Honduras46,198
106 Bosnia and Herzegovina45,156
107 Trinidad and Tobago43,234
108 Senegal42,992
109 Estonia41,619
110 Mali41,004
111 Mongolia39,982
112 Botswana39,770
113 Georgia39,768
114 Madagascar39,764
115 Mozambique37,005
116 Gabon36,823
117 Nicaragua36,324
118 Burkina Faso35,887
119 Papua New Guinea34,633
120 Albania34,541
121 Zimbabwe34,476
122 Brunei33,797
123 North Macedonia31,729
124 Equatorial Guinea31,460
125 Cyprus29,606
126 Guinea29,056
127 Chad28,924
128 Tajikistan28,373
129 Armenia28,271
130 Congo, Republic of the28,193
131 Mauritius28,174
132 Namibia26,542
133 Jamaica25,999
134 Benin25,327
135 Rwanda24,852
136 Kyrgyzstan23,104
— West Bank and Gaza22,886
137 Malawi22,387
138 Niger21,834
139 Moldova20,226
140 Haiti19,930
— Kosovo19,688
141 Malta18,395
142 Iceland18,265
143 Mauritania17,458
144 Togo12,240
145 Bahamas, The12,031
146 Montenegro11,681
147 Eswatini11,617
148 Sierra Leone10,264
149 Timor-Leste9,350
150 Fiji8,652
151 Suriname8,515
152 Burundi8,376
153 Bhutan7,721
154 Maldives7,273
155 Lesotho6,991
156 Guyana6,349
157 Barbados5,326
158 Liberia3,911
159 Cape Verde3,733
160 Djibouti3,716
161 Gambia, The3,602
162 Central African Republic3,382
163 Belize3,219
164 Guinea-Bissau3,165
165 Seychelles2,776
166 Saint Lucia2,543
167 Antigua and Barbuda2,407
168 सान मारिनो2,085
169 Grenada1,609
170 Saint Kitts and Nevis1,498
171 Solomon Islands1,480
172 Samoa1,299
173 St. Vincent and the Grenadines1,296
174 Comoros1,263
175 Vanuatu886
176 Dominica785
177 Sao Tome and Principe685
178 Tonga643
179 Micronesia, Federated States of382
180 Palau316
181 Kiribati253
182 Marshall Islands223
183 नाउरु193
184 Tuvalu44
पददेश/क्षेत्रसकल घरेलू उत्पाद
(वर्तमान मिलियन Int$ में)		वर्ष
 विश्व127,0002017 est.
1 China[n 2]23,1202017 est.
—  European Union[n 3]20,8502017 est.
2 United States19,3602017 est.
3 India9,5962017 est.
4 Japan5,4052017 est.
5 Germany4,1502017 est.
6 Russia4,0002017 est.
7 Indonesia3,2432017 est.
8 Brazil3,2192017 est.
9 United Kingdom2,8802017 est.
10 France2,8262017 est.
11 Mexico2,4062017 est.
12 Italy2,3072017 est.
13 Turkey2,1332017 est.
14 Korea, South2,0272017 est.
15 Saudi Arabia1,7892017 est.
16 Spain1,7692017 est.
17 Canada1,7642017 est.
18 Iran1,6312017 est.
19 Australia1,2352017 est.
20 Thailand1,2292017 est.
21 Egypt1,1992017 est.
— Taiwan1,1752017 est.
22 Nigeria1,1182017 est.
23 Poland1,1112017 est.
24 Pakistan1,0562017 est.
25 Malaysia926
.12017 est.
26 Netherlands915
.22017 est.
27 Argentina911
.52017 est.
28 Philippines874
.52017 est.
29 South Africa757
.32017 est.
30 Colombia712
.52017 est.
31 United Arab Emirates691
.92017 est.
32 Bangladesh691
.52017 est.
33 Iraq660
.72017 est.
34 Vietnam643
.92017 est.
35 Algeria629
.32017 est.
36 Belgium526
.42017 est.
37 Sweden521
.72017 est.
38  Switzerland516
.72017 est.
39 Singapore513
.72017 est.
40 Kazakhstan474
.32017 est.
41 Romania474
.02017 est.
— Hong Kong453
.02017 est.
42 Chile452
.12017 est.
43 Austria434
.12017 est.
44 Peru424
.62017 est.
45 Venezuela389
.42017 est.
46 Norway375
.92017 est.
47 Czech Republic372
.62017 est.
48 Ukraine366
.42017 est.
49 Ireland344
.82017 est.
50 Qatar341
.72017 est.
51 Myanmar330
.92017 est.
52 Israel315
.62017 est.
53 Portugal311
.32017 est.
54 Kuwait302
.52017 est.
55 Morocco300
.12017 est.
56 Greece299
.52017 est.
57 Denmark285
.52017 est.
58 Hungary283
.62017 est.
59 Sri Lanka278
.22017 est.
60 Finland242
.42017 est.
61 Uzbekistan221
.72017 est.
62 Ethiopia195
.82017 est.
63 Angola192
.02017 est.
64 Ecuador188
.52017 est.
65 Oman187
.92017 est.
66 Sudan186
.82017 est.
67 New Zealand185
.72017 est.
68 Slovakia178
.72017 est.
69 Belarus175
.92017 est.
70 Dominican Republic172
.62017 est.
71 Azerbaijan166
.82017 est.
72 Kenya163
.42017 est.
73 Tanzania162
.82017 est.
74 Bulgaria152
.42017 est.
75 Guatemala138
.32017 est.
76 Tunisia135
.92017 est.
77 Cuba132
.92016 est.
78 Ghana130
.22017 est.
— Puerto Rico127
.32017 est.
79 Serbia106
.62017 est.
80 Turkmenistan103
.52017 est.
81 Croatia100
.22017 est.
82 Panama99
.432017 est.
83 Cote d'Ivoire96
.272017 est.
84 Lithuania90
.632017 est.
85 Jordan89
.052017 est.
86 Uganda88
.612017 est.
87 Lebanon87
.892017 est.
88 Costa Rica85
.202017 est.
89 Bolivia83
.502017 est.
90 Cameroon81
.552017 est.
91 Nepal78
.552017 est.
92 Uruguay78
.412017 est.
— Macau73
.582017 est.
93 Slovenia70
.362017 est.
94 Bahrain69
.772017 est.
95 Afghanistan69
.512017 est.
96 Yemen68
.952017 est.
97 Zambia68
.902017 est.
98 Paraguay68
.052017 est.
99 Congo, Democratic Republic of the67
.992017 est.
100 Luxembourg64
.392017 est.
101 Cambodia64
.212017 est.
102 Libya63
.142017 est.
103 El Salvador56
.902017 est.
104 Latvia53
.472017 est.
105 Syria50
.282015 est.
106 Laos49
.212017 est.
107 Honduras45
.682017 est.
108 Bosnia and Herzegovina43
.852017 est.
109 Senegal43
.072017 est.
110 Trinidad and Tobago42
.782017 est.
111 Estonia41
.202017 est.
112 Mali40
.982017 est.
113 Korea, North40
.002015 est.
114 Madagascar39
.812017 est.
115 Botswana39
.552017 est.
116 Georgia39
.322017 est.
117 Mongolia38
.402017 est.
118 Mozambique37
.392017 est.
119 Gabon36
.752017 est.
120 Nicaragua36
.222017 est.
121 Albania35
.872017 est.
122 Burkina Faso35
.682017 est.
123 Zimbabwe33
.872017 est.
124 Brunei32
.912017 est.
125 North Macedonia31
.552017 est.
126 Cyprus31
.192017 est.
127 Papua New Guinea30
.842017 est.
128 Chad29
.642017 est.
129 Equatorial Guinea29
.382017 est.
130 Congo, Republic of the29
.162017 est.
131 Tajikistan27
.672017 est.
132 Mauritius27
.442017 est.
133 Armenia27
.212017 est.
134 Namibia27
.022017 est.
135 Guinea26
.452017 est.
136 Jamaica26
.202017 est.
137 Benin25
.292017 est.
138 Rwanda24
.612017 est.
139 Kyrgyzstan22
.642017 est.
140 Malawi22
.472017 est.
141 Niger21
.622017 est.
— West Bank21
.222014 est.
142 Moldova20
.072017 est.
143 Haiti19
.882017 est.
144 South Sudan19
.752017 est.
— Kosovo19
.382017 est.
145 Malta18
.532017 est.
146 Iceland17
.732017 est.
147 Somalia17
.472017 est.
148 Mauritania17
.372017 est.
149 Togo12
.432017 est.
150 Sierra Leone11
.752017 est.
151 Eswatini11
.342017 est.
152 Montenegro10
.862017 est.
— New Caledonia10
.772015 est.
153 Eritrea9
.6312017 est.
154 Bahamas, The9
.3392017 est.
155 Fiji8
.6472017 est.
156 Burundi7
.9852017 est.
157 Suriname7
.9282017 est.
158 Monaco7
.6722015 est.
159 Lesotho7
.4482017 est.
— Isle of Man7
.4282014 est.
160 Bhutan7
.0112017 est.
161 Maldives6
.8962017 est.
162 Guyana6
.3672017 est.
163 Timor-Leste6
.2112017 est.
— French Polynesia5
.4902015 est.
— Bermuda5
.1982013 est.
— Jersey5
.0802015 est.
164 Liechtenstein4
.9782014 est.
165 Barbados4
.9192017 est.
— Guam4
.8822013 est.
166 Liberia3
.9062017 est.
— U.S. Virgin Islands3
.7922013 est.
167 Cape Verde3
.7342017 est.
168 Djibouti3
.6402017 est.
169 Gambia, The3
.5822017 est.
— Guernsey3
.4652015 est.
170 Central African Republic3
.3952017 est.
171 Andorra3
.3272015 est.
172 Belize3
.2302017 est.
— Curaçao3
.1282012 est.
173 Guinea-Bissau3
.0712017 est.
174 Seychelles2
.7122017 est.
— Aruba2
.5162009 est.
— Cayman Islands2
.5072014 est.
175 Antigua and Barbuda2
.3902017 est.
176 Saint Lucia2
.3842017 est.
— Greenland2
.1732015 est.
177 San Marino2
.0832017 est.
— Gibraltar2
.0442014 est.
— Faroe Islands2
.0012014 est.
178 Grenada1
.5902017 est.
179 Saint Kitts and Nevis1
.5282017 est.
180 Comoros1
.3232017 est.
181 Solomon Islands1
.3172017 est.
182 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1
.2812017 est.
183 Samoa1
.1302017 est.
— Western Sahara0
.90652007 est.
184 Dominica0
.85102017 est.
185 Vanuatu0
.78702017 est.
— American Samoa0
.71102013 est.
— Northern Mariana Islands0
.68202013 est.
186 Sao Tome and Principe0
.68202017 est.
— Turks and Caicos Islands0
.63202007 est.
187 Tonga0
.58702017 est.
—सेंट मार्टिन0
.56152005 est.
— British Virgin Islands0
.50002010 est.
— Sint Maarten0
.36582014 est.
188 Micronesia, Federated States of0
.34702017 est.
189 Palau0
.30102017 est.
— Falkland Islands0
.28182012 est.
— Cook Islands0
.24412010 est.
190 Kiribati0
.22402017 est.
— सन्त पियर और मिकलान0
.21532006 est.
191 Marshall Islands0
.18902017 est.
— Anguilla0
.17542009 est.
192 Nauru0
.15902017 est.
— Wallis and Futuna0
.06002004 est.
— Montserrat0
.04382006 est.
193 Tuvalu0
.04202017 est.
— सेंट हेलेना0
.03112009 est.
— Niue0
.01012003 est.
— Tokelau0
.00151993 est.

इन्हें भी देखें

[संपादित करें]

टिप्पणियाँ

[संपादित करें]
  1. ↑ अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष (आईएमएफ) के डेटा के आधार पर। यदि आईएमएफ से किसी देश के लिए कोई डेटा उपलब्ध न हो, तो सीआईए वर्ल्ड फैक्टबुक के डेटा का उपयोग किया जाता है।
  2. 1 2 3 Figure for Mainland China; excludes the two special administrative regions, namely Hong Kong and Macau.
  3. 1 2 The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU is included as a separate entity in The World Factbook of CIA because it has many attributes of independent nations, being much more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur.[7] As the EU is not a country, the U.S is the second ranked country on these lists.
  • ^2 आईएमएफ का अनुमान।
  • ^3 डेटा मे फ्रेंच पोलिनेशिया शामिल नही है।
  • ^a चीन का पीपीपी उसके 11 प्रशासनिक क्षेत्रों के लिए निर्धारित कीमतों पर आधारित है, जो पूरे देश में लागू है, और एक शहरी/ग्रामीण विफलता (breakdown) है।चीन की प्रविष्टि में दो विशेष प्रशासनिक क्षेत्र शामिल नहीं है, अर्थात्, हांगकांग और मकाऊ। इन्हें अलग से सूचीबद्ध किया जाता है।

सन्दर्भ

[संपादित करें]
  1. ↑ "Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects (PPP valuation of country GDP)". IMF. 31 जनवरी 2018 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 24 October 2017.
  2. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 6 मई 2020 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 25 October 2019.
  3. ↑ ""Gross domestic product 2019, PPP", World Bank, released on 9 July 2019" (PDF). Data.worldbank.org. 7 मार्च 2016 को मूल से पुरालेखित (PDF). अभिगमन तिथि: 22 July 2019..
  4. ↑ "World Bank, International Comparison Program database". 8 जून 2019 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 22 July 2019.
  5. ↑ Field listing - GDP (PPP exchange rate) Archived 2011-06-04 at the वेबैक मशीन, CIA World Factbook
  6. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. अभिगमन तिथि: 25 October 2019.
  7. ↑ CIA (2014). "The World Factbook". 8 मई 2020 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 15 March 2015. Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is far more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur, and it has certain attributes associated with independent nations: its own flag, currency (for some members), and law-making abilities, as well as diplomatic representation and a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with external partners. Thus, inclusion of basic intelligence on the EU has been deemed appropriate as a new, separate entity in The World Factbook.
  8. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. अभिगमन तिथि: 25 October 2019.
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