अनिर्जितवर्मन

**महाराज अनिर्जितवर्मन मौर्य**
महाराज अनिर्जितवर्मन मौर्य
	; बन्दोर, गोवा का ताम्रपत्र अभिलेख
जन्म	सातवीं शताब्दी;
पदवी	महाराज
प्रसिद्धि का कारण	पुलकेसिन द्वितीय से युद्ध
धर्म	हिन्दू , (शाक्त)
संबंधी	चंद्रवर्मन
समाधि	गोवा (कुमारद्वीप)

अनिर्जितवर्मन सातवीं शती के मौर्य वंश के शासक थे जिनका विवरण बन्दोर ताम्रपट्ट से मिलता है।^[1] अभिलेख में उल्लेख है कि एक खज्जान भूमि दान में दी गयी, जिसमें एक तालाब व एक घर था, साथ ही यह भू-भाग करमुक्त भी था।^[2]

बंदोरा (अनिर्जितवर्मन का बांदीवाडे ताम्रपत्र शिलालेख) में द्वदास-देश (आधुनिक बर्देज़) में हरिती गोत्र के एक विद्वान सामवेदी ब्राह्मण, हस्त्यार्या को कर-मुक्त भूमि के अनुदान का उल्लेख है।^[3]^[4] इस अनुदान में एक हाला (खज्जाना तटीय आर्द्रभूमि की एक इकाई) शामिल थी। डोने से अपेक्षा की जाती थी कि वह इस आर्द्रभूमि को भूमि में प्रवेश करने से रोकने के लिए एक बांध का निर्माण करके एक कृषि क्षेत्र में परिवर्तित कर देगा। इसके अलावा, अनुदान में कुछ वन भूमि शामिल थी, जिसे वन को साफ करने के लिए श्रमिकों के चार बैचों को नियुक्त करके एक खेत में बदलने की उम्मीद थी। राजा अनिर्जितवर्मन मौर्य ने उसको एक बगीचे, एक सिंचाई टैंक और एक घर बनाने के लिए एक जगह के साथ पहले एक अनाम राष्ट्रकूट से संबंधित कुछ भूमि भी दी।^[5] अनुदान एक देश (एक प्रशासनिक इकाई जिसमें 12 गाँव और वर्तमान और भविष्य के अधिकारी शामिल हैं) के निवासियों को संबोधित करता है। इससे पता चलता है कि डोने के पास ग्राम प्रशासन में काफी शक्ति थी।^[6]

मौजूदा अभिलेखों से राजवंश के केवल तीन राजाओं के नाम का पता चलता है, अर्थात् सुकेतवर्मन, जिन्होंने 5वीं शताब्दी में कुछ समय शासन किया, 6वीं शताब्दी में चंद्रवर्मन, और अजितवर्मन 7वीं शताब्दी, जिन्होंने कुमारद्वीप या आधुनिक कुमारजुवे से शासन किया।^[7]^[8] शाही मौर्यों के वंशज, उन्होंने एक राजवंश की स्थापना की जिसने पश्चिम पर शासन किया इसकी राजधानी शूर्पारका या आधुनिक सोपारा से लगभग चार शताब्दियों तक । इस राजवंश को कोंकण मौर्य के नाम से जाना जाता था। मौर्यों द्वारा गोवा को सुनापारंत कहा जाता था।^[9]

अभिलेख[संपादित करें]

इसका प्राप्त अभिलेख दक्षिणी संस्कृत में भाषा में है^[10] जिसने संभवत: ६ से ७ शाताब्दी के बीच कोंकण में शासन किया था^[11], जिसकी जानकारी हमे इसके बंदोरा, गोवा से खोजे गए तांबे के आधार पर अंकित लेख से प्राप्त होती है।^[12]

अभिलेख
अनिर्जितवर्मन, बंडोरा का ताम्रपत्र अभिलेख[1] अनिर्जितवर्मन का ताम्रपत्र अभिलेख मूल पाठ्य [2]

पतन[संपादित करें]

द्वितीय पुलकेशी ने एहोल अभिलेख में गोवा के मौर्य राजवंश को खतम करने की बात कही है वो यही थे।^[13]

सन्दर्भ[संपादित करें]

ग्रंथ सूची[संपादित करें]

Durga Prasad Dikshit (1980). Political History of the Chālukyas of Badami. Abhinav. OCLC 8313041.
N. Shyam Bhat; Nagendra Rao (2013). "History of Goa with Special Reference to its Feudal Features". Indian Historical Review. 40 (2). डीओआइ:10.1177/0376983613499680.
D.C. Sircar (1942). "A Note on the Goa Copper-plate Inscription of King Candravarman". Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. 23: 510–514. JSTOR 44002592.
N. Shyam Bhat; Nagendra Rao (2013). "History of Goa with Special Reference to its Feudal Features". Indian Historical Review. 40 (2). डीओआइ:10.1177/0376983613499680.
S.J. Mangalam (1993). "Note on The Coins From Elephanta : Coins of The Konkan Mauryas?". Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute. 53: 237–241. JSTOR 42936444.
S.S. Rao; A.S. Gaur; Sila Tripathi (2001). "Exploration of an ancient port: Elephanta Island (Bombay)". प्रकाशित A. V. Narasimha Murthy; C.T.M. Kotraiah (संपा॰). Hemakuta: Recent Researches in Archaology and Museology. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 9788186050668.
V.T. Gune (1990). "Goa's Coastal and Overseas Trade from the Earliest Times till 1510 A.D.". प्रकाशित Teotonio R. De Souza (संपा॰). Goa Through the Ages: An Economic History. 2. Concept. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 9788170222590.

↑ R. C. Majumdar. History and Culture of Indian People - 3 Classical Age (Ed. R. C. Majumdar). पृ॰ 192. N. L. Rao has shown that this king belonged to the Maurya dynasty of the Konkan. The charter in question was issued by the Maurya Maharaja Anirjita-varman from Kumaradvipa in the 29th year of his reign. It seems that the Bhojas were subdued by the Mauryas who were themselves ousted by the Chalukyas of Badami. It has to be noticed that it was not the Bhojas but the Mauryas who stood in the way of Chalukya expansion in the seventh century.
↑ Mishra, Kamal Kishor (2004). Prācīna Bhārata kī arthavyavasthā. Bhāratīya Jñānapīṭha. पृ॰ 65. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-81-263-0991-7. सातवीं शती का मौर्य अनिर्जितवर्मन का बन्दोर ताम्रपट्ट (गोवा) हल के सन्दर्भ में विवरण देता है कि एक हल खज्जान भूमि दान में दी गयी, जिसमें एक तालाब व एक घर था, साथ ही यह भू-भाग करमुक्त भी था।
↑ N. Shyam Bhat & Nagendra Rao 2013, पृ॰ 254.
↑ V.T. Gune 1990, पृ॰ 122.
↑ N. Shyam Bhat & Nagendra Rao 2013, पृ॰प॰ 254-255.
↑ N. Shyam Bhat & Nagendra Rao 2013, पृ॰ 255.
↑ Epigraphia Indica, Vol-33, Issue no.-1-91. पृ॰ 294-295. The inscription is important as it introduces a hitherto unknown king of the Maurya dynasty, viz. Anirjitavarman who seems to have held sway somewhere in the western coast about the Goa territory about the 6th or 7th century A.D. Though it is difficult to identify Kumára-dvipa whence the charter was issued, it appears to have been located somewhere in this region. In this connection, we may notice another copper-plate inscription which is also reported to have been discovered in Goa and which belongs to the reign of a king named Chandravarman.......The relations between the two Maurya kings Anirjitavarman and Chandravarman with the Bhoja kings cannot be determined without further light on the subject. It may, however, be noted that, in the celebrated Athole inscription of Pulakésin dated in 634 A.D., the king’s father Krtivarman І is described as a night of death to the Mauryas, Naļas and Kadambas ‘of whom the Mauryas were ruling in the Koñkan stated later in the record. Mangalesa and Pulekésin II also are creditéd with success against these Mauryas.
↑ Sen, S.N. Sources of the History of India Vol.1. पृ॰ 472. The Konkan Mauryas seem to have ruled over it from Kumardwip or modern Kumbharjuve island of the island of Goa or Tiswadi taluka. We have got two names of these Maurya rulers, Anirjitavarman and Chandravarman, who belonged to the sixth or seventh century A.D.
↑ Moraes, Prof. George. "PRE-PORTUGUESE CULTURE OF GOA". Published in the Proceedings of the International Goan Convention. Published in the Proceedings of the International Goan Convention. मूल से 6 October 2011 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 28 March 2011.
↑ Dynastic list of copper plate inscriptions : Noticed in annual reports on Indian Epigraphy from 1887 to 1969. Archaeological survey of India (Mysore). 1986. पृ॰ 104.
↑ K.V. Soundara Sajan (1980). Art Of South India - Deccan. Internet Archive. sundeep prakashan. पृ॰ 130.
↑ Gupta, Parmanand (1946). Geography In Ancient Indian Inscriptions. पृ॰ 18.
↑ Chakravarti, N. P. (1952). Department of Archaeology Epigraphia Indica. The manager of Publications, Delhi. पृ॰ 339-340. It records the order of the illustrious Anirjitavarman, the Mauryya Mahārāja, issued from the victorious Kumāradvipa, to the inhabitants and officials of twelve villages (dvādaśa-gramya). The order announces that a gift of certain lands, tank, garden and house-site was made by the king to a Brahmaņa, named Hastyärya, of the Harita gotra. The gift was made with the object of securing the welfare or final beatitude (si[*]irčyas-ärttham) of Nagapadda, Malladatta, Achala and the king himself. The inscription is dated the 10th day of the 7th fort- night of He[manta"] in the 29th year, apparently of the king's reign. This mode of recording dates in seasons and fortnights is not usually met with in inscriptions of a period later than the 6th century. Consequently this record may be placed in the 6th century, and palaeography does not militate against this view. In the Aihole inscription of Pulikěšin II, his father Kirtivarman I is stated to have been the night of doom to the Nalas, Mauryas and Kadambas. Pulikēšin II himself claims a decisive victory over the Mauryas in the Końkaņas. Evidently it is to this Maurya family that Anirjitavarman belonged.

[1] R. C. Majumdar. History and Culture of Indian People - 3 Classical Age (Ed. R. C. Majumdar). पृ॰ 192. N. L. Rao has shown that this king belonged to the Maurya dynasty of the Konkan. The charter in question was issued by the Maurya Maharaja Anirjita-varman from Kumaradvipa in the 29th year of his reign. It seems that the Bhojas were subdued by the Mauryas who were themselves ousted by the Chalukyas of Badami. It has to be noticed that it was not the Bhojas but the Mauryas who stood in the way of Chalukya expansion in the seventh century.

[2] Mishra, Kamal Kishor (2004). Prācīna Bhārata kī arthavyavasthā. Bhāratīya Jñānapīṭha. पृ॰ 65. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-81-263-0991-7. सातवीं शती का मौर्य अनिर्जितवर्मन का बन्दोर ताम्रपट्ट (गोवा) हल के सन्दर्भ में विवरण देता है कि एक हल खज्जान भूमि दान में दी गयी, जिसमें एक तालाब व एक घर था, साथ ही यह भू-भाग करमुक्त भी था।

[FOOTNOTEN._Shyam_BhatNagendra_Rao2013254-3] N. Shyam Bhat & Nagendra Rao 2013, पृ॰ 254.

[FOOTNOTEV.T._Gune1990122-4] V.T. Gune 1990, पृ॰ 122.

[FOOTNOTEN._Shyam_BhatNagendra_Rao2013254-255-5] N. Shyam Bhat & Nagendra Rao 2013, पृ॰प॰ 254-255.

[FOOTNOTEN._Shyam_BhatNagendra_Rao2013255-6] N. Shyam Bhat & Nagendra Rao 2013, पृ॰ 255.

[7] Epigraphia Indica, Vol-33, Issue no.-1-91. पृ॰ 294-295. The inscription is important as it introduces a hitherto unknown king of the Maurya dynasty, viz. Anirjitavarman who seems to have held sway somewhere in the western coast about the Goa territory about the 6th or 7th century A.D. Though it is difficult to identify Kumára-dvipa whence the charter was issued, it appears to have been located somewhere in this region. In this connection, we may notice another copper-plate inscription which is also reported to have been discovered in Goa and which belongs to the reign of a king named Chandravarman.......The relations between the two Maurya kings Anirjitavarman and Chandravarman with the Bhoja kings cannot be determined without further light on the subject. It may, however, be noted that, in the celebrated Athole inscription of Pulakésin dated in 634 A.D., the king’s father Krtivarman І is described as a night of death to the Mauryas, Naļas and Kadambas ‘of whom the Mauryas were ruling in the Koñkan stated later in the record. Mangalesa and Pulekésin II also are creditéd with success against these Mauryas.

[8] Sen, S.N. Sources of the History of India Vol.1. पृ॰ 472. The Konkan Mauryas seem to have ruled over it from Kumardwip or modern Kumbharjuve island of the island of Goa or Tiswadi taluka. We have got two names of these Maurya rulers, Anirjitavarman and Chandravarman, who belonged to the sixth or seventh century A.D.

[maurya-9] Moraes, Prof. George. "PRE-PORTUGUESE CULTURE OF GOA". Published in the Proceedings of the International Goan Convention. Published in the Proceedings of the International Goan Convention. मूल से 6 October 2011 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 28 March 2011.

[10] Dynastic list of copper plate inscriptions : Noticed in annual reports on Indian Epigraphy from 1887 to 1969. Archaeological survey of India (Mysore). 1986. पृ॰ 104.

[11] K.V. Soundara Sajan (1980). Art Of South India - Deccan. Internet Archive. sundeep prakashan. पृ॰ 130.

[12] Gupta, Parmanand (1946). Geography In Ancient Indian Inscriptions. पृ॰ 18.

[13] Chakravarti, N. P. (1952). Department of Archaeology Epigraphia Indica. The manager of Publications, Delhi. पृ॰ 339-340. It records the order of the illustrious Anirjitavarman, the Mauryya Mahārāja, issued from the victorious Kumāradvipa, to the inhabitants and officials of twelve villages (dvādaśa-gramya). The order announces that a gift of certain lands, tank, garden and house-site was made by the king to a Brahmaņa, named Hastyärya, of the Harita gotra. The gift was made with the object of securing the welfare or final beatitude (si[*]irčyas-ärttham) of Nagapadda, Malladatta, Achala and the king himself. The inscription is dated the 10th day of the 7th fort- night of He[manta"] in the 29th year, apparently of the king's reign. This mode of recording dates in seasons and fortnights is not usually met with in inscriptions of a period later than the 6th century. Consequently this record may be placed in the 6th century, and palaeography does not militate against this view. In the Aihole inscription of Pulikěšin II, his father Kirtivarman I is stated to have been the night of doom to the Nalas, Mauryas and Kadambas. Pulikēšin II himself claims a decisive victory over the Mauryas in the Końkaņas. Evidently it is to this Maurya family that Anirjitavarman belonged.

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