The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Russian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian.
| IPA |
Examples |
IPA |
Examples[1] |
English equivalents |
| Consonants |
| b |
бок; небо |
bʲ |
белый; воробей |
boot; beautiful |
| d |
дом; деда |
dʲ |
делает; Владимир |
do; dew (for some dialects) |
| f |
фата; выставка;[2] Чехов;[3] шурф |
fʲ |
фея; червь[3] |
fool; few |
| ɡ |
говорю; другой |
ɡʲ |
гербарий; ноги |
goo; argue |
| ɣ |
Господь, Господи;[4] interj. ага, ого[4] |
|
|
j |
есть; юла; я; толстый [5] |
yes, boy |
| k |
кость; книга; рука; бок |
kʲ |
кишки; короткий |
cool; cute |
| l |
луна; стула ; ствол[6] |
lʲ |
лес; колено; мысль |
pill; least |
| m |
мыло; думать; там |
mʲ |
мясо; доме |
moot; mute |
| n |
нос; он |
nʲ |
нёс; они; корень |
noon; newt (for some dialects) |
| p |
пыль; стопа; скрип; зуб[3] |
pʲ |
пепел; зыбь[3] |
pool; pew |
| r |
рыба; широкий; орла; жир |
rʲ |
река; четыре; три; зверь |
trilled r, like in Spanish |
| s |
собака; писать; нос; глаз[3] |
sʲ |
синий; здесь; есть; грызть[2] |
soup; super (for some dialects) |
| ʂ |
широкий; наш; хороший; муж;[3] что |
ɕɕ |
щегол; считать; мужчина; вращать [7] |
shop; fresh cheese, fish show |
| t |
тот; читаю; водка;[2] лёд[3] |
tʲ |
тереть; дитя; грудь[3] |
tool; tune (for some dialects) |
| t͡s |
цель; птица; отец |
t͡ɕ |
чай; печень; течь |
tsunami, cats; chip |
| v |
ваш; давать; его[8] |
vʲ |
вести; человек |
voodoo; view |
| x |
ходить; ухо; Бог[4] |
xʲ |
хина; лёгкий[2][4] |
bach; huge (for some dialects). |
| z |
заезжать; язык |
zʲ |
зелёный; озеро; просьба;[2] |
zoo; azure (for some dialects) |
| ʐ |
жест; тяжёлый |
ʑʑ |
дрожжи; заезжать[9] |
rouge; asia |
|
| IPA |
Examples |
English equivalent |
| Stressed vowels |
| a |
трава́ |
ton |
| æ |
пять |
pat |
| ɑ |
па́лка [10] |
palm |
| e |
пень |
pay |
| ɛ |
жест |
met |
| i |
си́него |
meet |
| ɨ |
ты |
roses (for some dialects) |
| o |
о́блако |
chore |
| ɵ |
тётя |
audio |
| u |
пу́ля |
moon |
| ʉ |
чуть |
choose |
| Unstressed vowels |
| ɐ |
паро́м; сообража́ть; тропа́ |
bud |
| ə |
ко́жа; ше́я; о́блако |
about |
| ɪ |
тяжёлый; эта́п; четы́ре |
bit |
| ɨ |
дыша́ть; жена́; го́ды |
dinner |
| ʉ |
юти́ться |
youth |
| ʊ |
мужчи́на |
put |
| Other symbols used in transcription of Russian pronunciation |
| IPA |
Explanation |
| ˈ |
Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),
for example этап [ɪˈtap] |
|
- ↑ Russian makes contrasts between palatalized ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j, ‹ ʲ› , are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the y sound in yes. /j/, /ɕɕ/, /tɕ/, /ʑʑ/ are also considered "soft".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence (Halle 1959:31)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent (Halle 1959:22).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 In some religious words such as Бог and Господь, as well as interjections, ‹г› and ‹к› represent [ɣ] and [x], respectively. When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also lenited (a form of dissimilation) before plosives in some words.
- ↑ The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.
- ↑ /l/ is often strongly pharyngealized but this feature is nondistinctive (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996:187-188).
- ↑ While some speakers pronounce words with ‹щ› as [ɕɕ] and others as [ɕtɕ], none contrast the two pronunciations. This generally includes words spelled with other letters, though speakers with the [ɕɕ] pronunciation may still pronounce words like считывать with [ɕtɕ] because of the morpheme boundary between ‹с› and ‹ч›.
- ↑ Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes
- ↑ The phoneme /ʑʑ/ is in many dialects is replaced with /ʐ/.
- ↑ [ɑ] appears between a hard consonant (or a pause) and /l/
