|
IPA
|
Hangul
|
RR trans.
|
English equivalent
|
Notes
|
b |
ㅂ[1] |
b |
ball |
between voiced sounds
|
ɕ |
ㅅ |
s |
she |
before [i] or [j]
|
ɕ͈ |
ㅆ |
ss |
— |
before [i] or [j]
|
d |
ㄷ[2] |
d |
doll |
between voiced sounds
|
dʑ |
ㅈ |
j |
gee |
between voiced sounds
|
ɡ |
ㄱ |
g |
gall |
between voiced sounds
|
h |
ㅎ |
h |
hall |
|
j |
ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ, ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ[3] |
y |
y’all |
Spelled by doubling the short line on the vowel.
|
k |
ㄱ, ㅋ |
g, k |
skin |
ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable.
|
k͈ |
ㄲ |
kk |
— |
tense [k]
|
kʰ |
ㅋ, ㅎㄱ |
k |
call |
|
l |
ㄹ, ㄴ |
l |
lip |
ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable. ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll].
|
m |
ㅁ, ㅂ |
m |
mall |
ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m].
|
n |
ㄴ, ㄹ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ |
n |
not |
ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m].
|
ŋ |
ㅇ, ㄱ |
ng |
king |
ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable. ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ]
|
p |
ㅂ[1], ㅍ |
b, p |
span |
ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable.
|
p͈ |
ㅃ[1] |
pp |
— |
tense [p]
|
pʰ |
ㅍ[1], ㅎㅂ |
p |
pall |
|
ɾ |
ㄹ |
r |
— |
A flap, like Scots r or American ladder, between vowels
|
s |
ㅅ[2] |
s |
Saul |
[s] with almost no sibilance
|
s͈ |
ㅆ |
ss |
— |
tense [s]
|
t |
ㄷ[2] ㄷ, ㅌ[2], ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ |
d t |
stall |
All are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable.
|
t͈ |
ㄸ |
tt |
— |
tense [t]
|
tʰ |
ㅌ[2], ㅎㄷ |
t |
tall |
|
tɕ |
ㅈ |
j |
itchy |
|
tɕ͈ |
ㅉ |
jj |
— |
tense [tɕ]
|
tɕʰ |
ㅊ, ㅎㅈ |
ch |
cheek |
|
w |
ㅜ, ㅗ |
w |
wall |
spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i]; ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a]
|
|
*ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers.
|
|
|
IPA
|
Hangul
|
RR trans.
|
Notes
|
a |
ㅏ |
a |
spa
|
aː
|
e |
ㅔ |
e |
Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in main
|
eː
|
ɛ |
ㅐ |
ae |
met; similar to e for young speakers.
|
ɛː
|
i |
ㅣ |
i |
mean
|
iː
|
o |
ㅗ |
o |
Spanish o or French eau
|
oː
|
u |
ㅜ |
u |
moon
|
uː
|
ʌ |
ㅓ |
eo |
young (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in more, in North Korea)
|
əː
|
ɯ |
ㅡ |
eu |
Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to eo for many dialects.
|
ɯː
|
|
IPA
|
Hangul
|
RR trans.
|
Notes
|
ɰi |
ㅢ |
ui |
Only occurs in the first syllable of a word.
|
|
IPA |
Explanation
|
ː |
Long vowel. Long [ʌ] is əː. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
|
́ |
High tone, on any one syllable or the first two; used outside Seoul.
|
|