सामग्री पर जाएँ

साँचा:Convert

मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से
परिचय का प्रतीक साँचा परिचय[देखें] [संपादन] [इतिहास] [पर्ज]

Template {{convert}} calculates from one measurement unit to another one, and then presents the results formatted. For example:

{{convert|2|km|mi}} → 2 किलोमीटर (1.2 मील) (km entered, so converted into mile)
{{convert|7|mi|km}} → 7 मील (11 कि॰मी॰) (mi entered, so converted into km)

Numbers can be rounded, units can be abbreviated into symbols:

{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} → 2 कि॰मी॰ (1.24 मील)
{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} → 7 मील (11.27 कि॰मी॰)

Value ranges can be entered using |to|... or |-|...:

{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} → 2 से 5 किलोमीटर (1.2 से 3.1 मील)
{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} → 2–5 किलोमीटर (1.2–3.1 मील)

Combined effect example:

{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} → 2–5 कि॰मी॰ (1.24–3.11 मील)
{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} → 2 और 5 किलोमीटर (1.24 और 3.11 मील)

Enter units to convert from into:

  • {{convert|1|lb|kg}} → 1 पौंड (0.45 कि॰ग्राम)
SI units generally accept prefixes, like "m" for milli (10−3), and "M" for mega (106)
For "per" units, use "/" (slash): kg/ha
For three-unit units etc.: see श्रेणी:Convert-like templates

Unit name or symbol (abbreviation): 1 pound or 1 lb?

[संपादित करें]

By default, the first quantity shows unit name, the second shows the symbol (or abbreviation):

  • {{convert|1|lb|kg}} → 1 पौंड (0.45 कि॰ग्राम)

Using |abbr=in is the reverse behaviour to the default:

  • {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} → 1 पौंड (0.45 किलोग्राम)

To abbreviate both or neither:

  • {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} → 1 पौंड (0.45 कि॰ग्राम)
  • {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} → 1 पौंड (0.45 किलोग्राम)

When using scientific notation, the default is for the second (converted) quantity to be displayed using scientific notation:

  • {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} → 100 मिलियन मील (160×10^6 कि॰मी॰)

To display thousands, millions, etc., while abbreviating both input and output units use |abbr=unit:

  • {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} → 100 मिलियन मील (160 मिलियन कि॰मी॰)

Convenience: {{cvt}} has |abbr=on by default

[संपादित करें]

Template {{cvt}} is the same as {{convert}}, except that it has |abbr=on as the default behaviour. In {{cvt}}, all other options are available. So:

{{cvt|1|lb|kg}} → 1 पौंड (0.45 कि॰ग्राम)

is equivalent to:

{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} → 1 पौंड (0.45 कि॰ग्राम)

Adjective: a 10-mile distance

[संपादित करें]

Use |adj=on to produce the adjectival (hyphenated) form:

  • A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance → A 10-मील (16 कि॰मी॰) distance.

Default behaviour, for comparison:

  • {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go → 10 मील (16 कि॰मी॰) to go.

Even with |abbr=on, as per no hyphen is produced with unit symbols.

Rounding: 100 ft is 30 m or 30.5 m or 30.48 m?

[संपादित करें]

By definition, 100 ft equals 30.48 मी॰. In practical use, it is common to round the calculated metric number. With that, there are several possibilities.

By {{Convert}} default, the conversion result will be rounded either to precision comparable to that of the input value (the number of digits after the decimal point—or the negative of the number of non-significant zeroes before the point—is increased by one if the conversion is a multiplication by a number between 0.02 and 0.2, remains the same if the factor is between 0.2 and 2, is decreased by 1 if it is between 2 and 20, and so on) or to two significant digits, whichever is more precise. An exception to this is rounding temperatures (see below).

Examples of rounding
Input Displays as Note
{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} 123 फीट (40 मी॰)
{{convert|123|ft|m}} 123 फीट (37 मी॰) same output as with 0 (below)
{{convert|123|ft|m|0}} 123 फीट (37 मी॰)
{{convert|123|ft|m|1}} 123 फीट (37.5 मी॰)
{{convert|123|ft|m|2}} 123 फीट (37.49 मी॰) exact value is 37.4904 m
{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} 500 फीट (150 मी॰)
{{convert|500|ft|m}} 500 फीट (150 मी॰) same output as with −1 (above), because the conversion factor is between 0.2 and 2 (hence, it should produce same double-zero precision (−2) as in the input value), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher single-zero precision (−1) is used)
{{convert|500|ft|m|0}} 500 फीट (152 मी॰)
{{convert|500|ft|m|1}} 500 फीट (152.4 मी॰)
{{convert|500|ft|m|2}} 500 फीट (152.40 मी॰) exact value is 152.4 m
{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} 500 फीट (15,000 से॰मी॰)
{{convert|500|ft|cm}} 500 फीट (15,000 से॰मी॰) same output as with −3 (above), because the conversion factor is between 20 and 200 (hence, it should decrease input value's double-zero precision (−2) by 2), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher triple-zero precision (−3) is used)
{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} 500 फीट (15,240 से॰मी॰)

Convert supports four types of rounding:

Round to a given precision: use a precision number

[संपादित करें]

Specify the desired precision with the fourth unnamed parameter (or third unnamed parameter if the "convert to" parameter is omitted; or fifth unnamed parameter if a range is specified; or fourth unnamed parameter again if a range is specified and the "convert to" parameter is omitted; needs to be replaced with a "precision" named parameter). The conversion is rounded off to the nearest multiple of 110 to the power of this number. For instance, if the result is 8621 and the round number is "-2", the result will be 8600. If the result is "234.0283043" and the round number is "0", the result will be 234.

Round to a given number of significant figures: |sigfig=

[संपादित करें]

To specify the output number to be with n significant figures use |sigfig=<number>:

  • {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} → 1,200 फीट (365.8 मी॰)
  • {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} → 1,200 फीट (366 मी॰)
  • {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} → 1,200 फीट (370 मी॰)
  • {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} → 1,200 फीट (400 मी॰)

Default behaviour, for comparison:

  • {{convert|1200|ft|m}} → 1,200 फीट (370 मी॰)

Setting |sigfig= to a value less than 1 is meaningless:

Round to a multiple of 5: 15, 20, 25, ...

[संपादित करें]

Using |round=5 rounds the outcome to a multiple of 5.

  • {{convert|10|m|ft}} → 10 मीटर (33 फीट)
  • {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} → 10 मीटर (35 फीट)

Similar: using |round=25 rounds the outcome to a multiple of 25.

  • {{convert|10|m|ft}} → 10 मीटर (33 फीट)
  • {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} → 10 मीटर (25 फीट)

Default behaviour, for comparison:

  • {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} → 10 मीटर (32.81 फीट)

In a range, one can round each value individually to the default. Use |round=each:

  • {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} → 10 x 200 x 3,000 मीटर (33 फीट × 656 फीट × 9,843 फीट)
  • {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} → 10 x 200 x 3,000 मीटर (33 फीट × 660 फीट × 9,800 फीट)

Round to a multiple of a given fraction: 2+316 inch

[संपादित करें]

Specify the desired denominator using |frac=<some positive integer>. (Denominator is the below-the-slash number, for example the 3 in 13).

  • {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} → 5.56 सेन्टीमीटर (2 316 इंच)
  • {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} → 8 सेन्टीमीटर (3 14 इंच)

The fraction is reduced when possible:

  • {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} → 8 सेन्टीमीटर (3 320 इंच)

Default behaviour uses decimal notation:

  • {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} → 5.56 सेन्टीमीटर (2.19 इंच)

Rounding temperatures: °C, °F and K

[संपादित करें]

In temperatures, the conversion will be rounded either to the precision comparable to that of the input value or to that which would give three significant figures when expressed in kelvins, whichever is more precise.

  1. {{convert|10,000|C|F K}} → 10,000 °से. (18,000 °फ़ै; 10,300 के)
  2. {{convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} → 10,000.1 °से. (18,032.2 °फ़ै; 10,273.2 के)
  3. {{convert|-272|C|F K}} → −272 °से. (−457.60 °फ़ै; 1.15 के)
  4. {{convert|-272|C}} → −272 °से. (−457.60 °फ़ै)
  5. {{convert|100|C|F K}} → 100 °से. (212 °फ़ै; 373 के)
  6. {{convert|0|C|F K}} → 0 °से. (32 °फ़ै; 273 के)

The precision of the input number in example (1) is one digit, but the precision of its Kelvins expression is three, so the precision of the Fahrenheit conversion is made three (made 180...) . (1) and (2) seem to belie the fact that a 0.1 degrees Celsius change is a 0.18 degrees Fahrenheit change, and make the 32 degrees difference shown in (1) begin to seem off somehow. Result (1) seems off until you set the significant figures yourself with |sigfig=:

{{convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} → 10,000 °से. (18,032 °फ़ै)

or you set the precision positionally, relative to the decimal point (zero being at the decimal point):

{{convert|10000|C|0}} → 10,000 °से. (18,032 °फ़ै)

The precision of the input number in example (2) is six, so the precision of the Fahrenheit output is, whereas before, Kelvins had determined it to be three. Examples (3) and (4) show how this can be hidden and generate questions, but it occurs there because the Kelvins conversion generated two fractional parts. (Before it was the input number that generated the fractional part.) In example (3) the three input digits converted into five significant output digits because of the two digits after the decimal point, generated by the Kelvins conversion. This happened again in (5), but in (6) decimal fractions were neither given as input nor induced by the Kelvins conversion.

There is limited support for rounding the displayed input number. The rounding takes place after conversion, so the output is based on the full-precision input. This is useful when the input is produced by {{#expr:}} or otherwise available to a higher precision than is usefully displayed, and it's desirable to avoid double-rounding.

To round the input to a specified number of digits after the decimal point, use one of the parameters:

  • |adj=ri0
  • |adj=ri1
  • |adj=ri2
  • |adj=ri3

Note that there is no |adj=ri-1साँचा:Nay or similar for rounding above the decimal place. Neither is there support for significant figures, multiples of 5, or any other output-rounding feature.

The default precision is computed based on the input, so an explicit output precision must usually be supplied:

  • {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} → 4 मील (6.66524 कि॰मी॰) साँचा:Nay (precisions are mismatched)
  • {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} → 4 मील (7 कि॰मी॰) साँचा:Aye

In this case, if the input were rounded before conversion, a different result would be obtained:

  • {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} → 4 मील (6 कि॰मी॰) साँचा:Nay (double rounding)

Into multiple units: 10 °से. (50 °फ़ै; 283 के)

[संपादित करें]

Separate the multiple output units by a space:

  • {{convert|10|C|F K}} → 10 °से. (50 °फ़ै; 283 के)
  • {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} → 5 किलोमीटर (3.1 मील; 2.7 समुद्री मील)

If the output unit names contain spaces, use + as the separator.

See also:

A range converts two values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation.

A range: 6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)

[संपादित करें]

Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:

Range separators in {{convert}}
Separator Convert Result Notes
- {{convert|3|-|6|ft}} 3–6 फीट (0.91–1.83 मी॰) Input can be hyphen (-) or en dash (–), output uses en dash
 &ndash; (en dash) {{convert|3|–|6|ft}} 3–6 फीट (0.91–1.83 मी॰)
and {{convert|3|and|6|ft}} 3 और 6 फीट (0.91 और 1.83 मी॰)
and(-) {{convert|3|and(-)|6|ft}} 3 और 6 फीट (0.91–1.83 मी॰) |abbr=on abbreviates the first unit
and(-)|abbr=on {{convert|3|and(-)|6|ft|abbr=on}} 3 और 6 फीट (0.91–1.83 मी॰)
or {{convert|3|or|6|ft}} 3 या 6 फीट (0.91 या 1.83 मी॰)
to {{convert|3|to|6|ft}} 3 से 6 फीट (0.91 से 1.83 मी॰)
to(-) {{convert|3|to(-)|6|ft}} 3 से 6 फीट (0.91–1.83 मी॰) |abbr=on abbreviates the first unit
to(-)|abbr=on {{convert|3|to(-)|6|ft|abbr=on}} 3 से 6 फीट (0.91–1.83 मी॰)
to about {{convert|3|to about|6|ft}} 3 के बारे में 6 फीट (0.91 के बारे में 1.83 मी॰)
+/- {{convert|3|+/-|6|ft}} 3 ± 6 फीट (0.91 ± 1.83 मी॰)
± &plusmn; {{convert|3|±|6|ft}} 3 ± 6 फीट (0.91 ± 1.83 मी॰)
+ {{convert|3|+|6|ft}} 3 + 6 फीट (0.91 + 1.83 मी॰)
, {{convert|3|,|6|ft}} 3, 6 फीट (0.91, 1.83 मी॰)
, and {{convert|3|, and|6|ft}} 3, और 6 फीट (0.91, और 1.83 मी॰)
, or {{convert|3|, or|6|ft}} 3, या 6 फीट (0.91, या 1.83 मी॰)
by {{convert|3|by|6|ft}} 3 x 6 फीट (0.91 x 1.83 मी॰)
x {{convert|3|x|6|ft}} 3 x 6 फीट (0.91 मी॰ × 1.83 मी॰) |abbr=on abbreviates and repeats the first unit
× &times; {{convert|3|×|6|ft}} 3 x 6 फीट (0.91 मी॰ × 1.83 मी॰)
x|abbr=on {{convert|3|x|6|ft|abbr=on}} 3 फीट × 6 फीट (0.91 मी॰ × 1.83 मी॰)
xx |xx| is deprecated. Use |x| instead
* |*| is deprecated. Use |x| instead

Multiple dimensions: 6 मी॰ × 12 मी॰ (20 फीट × 39 फीट)

[संपादित करें]

Use by:

  • {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} → 6 x 12 फीट (1.8 x 3.7 मी॰)

Use ×, multiplication sign, or x, letter:

  • {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} → 6 x 12 मीटर (20 फीट × 39 फीट)

In science, the formal way is to set |x| and |abbr=on (keeping dimensions right, like in area = x km2):

  • {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} → 6 मी॰ × 12 मी॰ (20 फीट × 39 फीट)

About feet, inch in ranges and multiples

[संपादित करें]

While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges:

Default behaviour, for comparison:

  • {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} → 1 फुट 3 इंच (380 मि॰मी॰)

Spelling of unit name: UK metre or US meter?

[संपादित करें]

Default spelling of units is en-UK. To show en-US spelling, use |sp=us:

{{convert|1|m|ft}} → 1 मीटर (3.3 फीट)—default
{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} → 1 मीटर (3.3 फीट)

Spell out numbers: ten miles

[संपादित करें]

To write a number in words, use |spell=in:

  • {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} → ten मील (16,000 मी॰)

To spell out both in and out values, use |spell=on:

  • {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} → ten मील (sixteen thousand मीटर)

To make first letter a capital, use |spell=In, |spell=On

  • {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} → Ten मील (16,000 मी॰)
  • {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} → Ten मील (sixteen thousand मीटर)

Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by |abbr=. To the extreme:

  • {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} → ten मील (sixteen thousand मीटर)

Inserted before units: 4 planted acres

[संपादित करें]
  • {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} → 4 planted एकड़ (1.6 हे॰)

disp=preunit is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value:

  • {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} → 4 planted एकड़ (1.6 planted हे॰)
  • {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} → 4 planted एकड़ (1.6 reforested-हे॰)

After adjective unit: A 10-फुट-long corridor

[संपादित करें]

Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message.

{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} → 10-फुट-long (3.0 मी॰)

Plurals: 1 inch, 2 inches

[संपादित करें]

The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural.

  • {{convert|1|metre}} → 1 मीटर (3 फीट 3 इंच)
  • {{convert|2|metre}} → 2 मीटर (6 फीट 7 इंच)
  • {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} → 2 मी॰ (6 फीट 7 इंच)
Exception

Entering the unit spelled |foot| forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is.

  • {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} → 100 foot (30 मीटर)

Fractions: one-eighth of an imperial pint

[संपादित करें]

The convert template also supports spelling out fractions.

  • {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} → three and a half औंस (99 ग्राम)

Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template.

  • {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} → one-eighth of an imperial pint (71 मि॰ली)

Wrapping and line breaking

[संपादित करें]
See Help:Convert § Wrapping and line breaking

Using an SI prefix: gigameter (Gm), or micrometer (μm)

[संपादित करें]

साँचा:Sidebar metric prefixes (small) Units can have an SI prefix like G before the unit: Gm, and giga before the name: gigameter. These are plain multiplication factors.

To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor:

  • 12 Gमी॰ (1.2×1010 मी॰)
  • 12 µमी॰ (1.2×10−5 मी॰)

The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit m for meter):

  • {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} → 12 Gमी॰ (7,500,000 मील)
  • Mm: 12 मेगा॰मी॰ (7,500 मील)
  • km: 12 कि॰मी॰ (39,000 फीट)
  • mm: 12 मि॰मी॰ (0.47 इंच)
  • μm: 12 µमी॰ (0.012 मि॰मी॰)
  • um: 12 μमी॰ (0.012 मि॰मी॰) (letter "u" can be used for "μ" here)

The prefix can be used in the output unit:

  • {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} → 12,000 मील (19 मेगा॰मी॰)
  • {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} → 12 इंच (300,000 µमी॰)

As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "μ" prefix too)

  • {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} → 12 µमी॰ (470 μin)

Engineering notation: 7 × 106 m

[संपादित करें]

Engineering number notations like 7E6 (for 7 × 106) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit:

  • {{convert|7|e6m}} → 7 मिलियन मीटर (23,000,000 फीट)

The same is possible for the output unit:

  • {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} → 23,000,000 फीट (7.0×10^6 मी॰)

Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix:

  • e3 (thousand),
  • e6 (million),
  • e9 (billion),
  • e12 (trillion),
  • e15 (quadrillion).

Scientific notation: 1.23 × 10−14

[संपादित करें]

In scientific notation, a number is written like 1.23×10−14. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point.

With {{convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as 12.3e4. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number.

  • {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} → 12.3×10−15 परमाणु (1.23×10−14 परमाणु)
  • {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} → 0.00000005 परमाणु (5.0×10−8 परमाणु)

Input with fractions: 1 12 इंच (38.1 मि॰मी॰)

[संपादित करें]

The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both / (keyboard slash) and (fraction slash) are accepted:

  • {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}12 इंच (12.7 मि॰मी॰)
  • {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}12 इंच (12.7 मि॰मी॰)

With positive mixed numbers (a positive integer and a fraction), use a + sign

  • {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}2 12 इंच (63.5 मि॰मी॰)

With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen - and repeat it:

  • {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}−2 12 इंच (−63.5 मि॰मी॰)

Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers:

  • {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} → 2–12 इंच (50.8–12.7 मि॰मी॰). This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch.
  • {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}[convert: invalid number] साँचा:Nay This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here.

Output with horizontal fraction bar in: 1/2 inch

[संपादित करें]

Using a double slash (//) returns a horizontal bar fraction:

  • {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}1/2 इंच (12.7 मि॰मी॰)
  • {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}2 1/2 इंच (63.5 मि॰मी॰)

Thousands separator: 1,000 mi or 1000 mi

[संपादित करें]

In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma:

  • {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} → 1,234,567 मीटर (4,050,417 फीट)
  • {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} → 1,234,567 मीटर (4,050,417 फीट)
  • {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}[convert: invalid number] साँचा:Nay

Set |comma=off to remove the separator from the output:

  • {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} → 1234567 मीटर (4050417 फीट)

Use |comma=gaps to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator:

  • {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}1234567 मीटर (4050417 फीट)

Default behaviour, for comparison:

  • {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} → 1,234,567 मीटर (4,050,417 फीट)

Setting |comma=5 will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more:

  • {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} → 1234 मीटर (4049 फीट)
  • {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} → 1,234,567 मीटर (4,050,417 फीट)

Default behaviour, for comparison:

  • {{convert|1234|m|ft}} → 1,234 मीटर (4,049 फीट)

Brackets and separators: 10 m [33 ft]

[संपादित करें]

Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by |disp=.
Options are: b (the default), sqbr, comma, or, br, x|…:

  • {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} → 10 मीटर [33 फीट]
  • {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} → 10 मीटर, 33 फीट
  • {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} → 10 मीटर या 33 फीट

Default behaviour, for comparison:

  • {{convert|10|m|ft}} → 10 मीटर (33 फीट)

Setting |disp=br will force a new line (<br/>)

  • {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} → 10 मीटर
    33 फीट

Also |disp=br() will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables):

  • {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} → 10 मीटर
    (33 फीट)

Setting |disp=x|… allows any text as separator:

  • {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} → 10 मीटर_MyText_33 फीट (To display spaces, use &nbsp;)

Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: 1,609.3 मीटर (1 मील)

[संपादित करें]

Setting |order=flip will flip (swap) the two measurements:

  • {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}} → 1,609.3 मीटर (1 मील)

Default behaviour, for comparison:

  • {{convert|1|mi|m}} → 1 मील (1,609.3 मीटर)

When converting to multiple units, the effect is:

  • {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}} → 6.2137 मील; 5.3996 समुद्री मील (10 किलोमीटर)
  • {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}} → 5.3996 समुद्री मील; 6.2137 मील (10 किलोमीटर)

Fixed ordering of output units: 212 °फ़ै (100 °से.; 373 के)

[संपादित करें]

Setting |order=out shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped:

  • {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} → 212 °फ़ै (100 °से.; 373 के)
  • {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} → 147 कि॰वाट (197 अश्वशक्ति)

See also: § Displaying parts of the output.

Displaying parts of the result: 2 (1.5)

[संपादित करें]

It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result:

Convert Output Returns
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} 2 घन गज (1.5 मी3) Regular output (for comparison)
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} 2 (1.5) Input and output numbers
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} घन गज Input unit
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} घन-गज Input unit, adjective (hyphenated)
{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} 2.0 घन गज Input (workaround. Note repetition of unit in input)
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} 2 घन गज [घन गज] (1.5 मी3) Input: both name and symbol
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} मी3 Output unit (symbol)
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} घन मीटर Output unit (name)
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} 1.5 Output value
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} 1.5 मी3 Output value and unit name
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} 1.5 घन मीटर Output value and unit symbol

Display both input name and symbol: 2 kilopascals [kPa]

[संपादित करें]

Setting |abbr=~ returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit:

  • {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} → 2 किलोपास्कल [कि॰पास्कल] (0.29 पाउंड प्रति वर्ग इंच)
  • A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressureA 2-किलोपास्कल [कि॰पास्कल] (0.29 पाउंड प्रति वर्ग इंच) pressure

For the wikitable structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable.

|disp=br adds a line-break and omits brackets.

|disp=br() adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables:

|disp=br |disp=br()
100 किलोमीटर
62 मील
100 किलोमीटर
(62 मील)

Table columns showing numbers only

[संपादित करें]

Using {convert} in a table cell, with |disp=table splits the result over two columns:

{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}
style="text-align:right;"|10

|style="text-align:right;"|33

|disp=tablecen does the same, and also centers the text:

{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}
style="text-align:center;"|20

|style="text-align:center;"|66

The units are added as a column header:

  m ft
|disp=table 10 33
|disp=tablecen 20 66
|disp=<other> (default) 30 मीटर (98 फीट)

Use |sortable=on to include a hidden numerical sortkey in the output, suitable for use in a table with sortable columns. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values:

{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}} → <span style="display:none">7001100000000000000</span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)

Use both |disp=table and |sortable=on together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns:

m ft
A 15 34 52
B 15.5 51
C 16.0 52.5
D 16 52

The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey.

The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced here.

The table below lists units supported by template {{convert}}. The list is not complete—more complete lists are linked for each dimension. A complete list is at the full list of units.

Explanation – unit codes

The {{convert}} template uses unit-codes, which are similar to (but not necessarily exactly the same as) the usual written abbreviation for a given unit. These 'unit-codes' are given in column 3 of the following tables, and are accepted as input by the {{convert}} template as the second and third unnamed parameters. For example, {{convert|100|kg|lb}} produces "100 किलोग्राम (220 पौंड)" and {{convert|100|lb|kg}} produces "100 पौंड (45 कि॰ग्राम)"

Some units have alternative unit-codes; these are shown in brackets in column 3, e.g. °F (F): either may be entered for Fahrenheit (but not lower-case f).

The unit-codes should be treated as case-sensitive, especially in cases like {{convert|100|Mm|mm}}, which produces "100 मेगामीटर (1.0×1011 मि॰मी॰)".

The output of {{convert}} can display multiple converted units, if further unit-codes are specified after the second unnamed parameter (without the | separator). Typical combination output units are listed below in column 7. For example, {{convert|55|nmi|km mi}} produces "55 समुद्री मील (102 कि॰मी॰; 63 मील)", and {{convert|1|oz|ozt g gr}} produces "1 औंस (0.91 ozt; 28 ग्राम; 440 अनाज)".

Abridged list of units supported by {{Convert}}
Explanation
system unit unit-
code
symbol or
abbrev.
notes conversion factor combination output units
the system(s) to which the unit belongs units listed by name unit-code to use in template symbols shown in output other notes about the units conversion factors used to convert to and from the SI base unit output codes for multiple conversions


AREA
(Full list)
system unit unit-
code
abbrev-
iation
notes sample default
conversion
combination
output units
SI वर्ग किलोमीटर km2 कि॰मी2 US spelling: square kilometer
1.0 कि॰मी2 (11,000,000 वर्ग फुट)
  • km2 sqmi
वर्ग मीटर m2 मी2 US spelling: square meter
1.0 मी2 (11 वर्ग फुट)
  • m2 sqft
वर्ग सेन्टीमीटर cm2 से॰मी2 US spelling: square centimeter
1.0 से॰मी2 (0.0011 वर्ग फुट)
  • cm2 sqin
वर्ग मिलीमीटर mm2 मि॰मी2 US spelling: square millimeter
1.0 मि॰मी2 (1.1×10−5 वर्ग फुट)
  • mm2 sqin
non-SI metric हेक्टेयर ha हे॰ 1.0 हे॰ (2.5 एकड़)
Imperial
&
US customary
वर्ग मील sqmi (none) 1.0 वर्ग मील (2.6 कि॰मी2)
  • sqmi km2
एकड़ acre (none) 1.0 एकड़ (0.40 हे॰)
वर्ग गज sqyd (none) 1.0 वर्ग गज (0.84 मी2)
वर्ग फुट sqft
(sqfoot)
(none) long code "sqfoot" का परिणाम square foot होगा (और फीट कभी नहीं) 1.0 वर्ग फुट (0.093 मी2)
  • sqft m2 (sqfoot m2)
वर्ग इंच sqin (none) 1.0 वर्ग इंच (6.5 से॰मी2)
  • sqin cm2
Other वर्ग नॉटिकल मील sqnmi (none) 1.0 वर्ग नॉटिकल मील (3.4 कि॰मी2; 1.3 वर्ग मील)
डूनम dunam (none) For alternative spellings and definitions see the full list 1.0 डूनम (0.0010 कि॰मी2; 0.00039 वर्ग मील)
सूबो tsubo (none) 1.0 सूबो (3.3 मी2)


DENSITY
(Full list)
system unit unit-
code
abbrev-
iation
notes sample default
conversion
combination
output units
Metric किलोग्राम प्रति घन मीटर kg/m3 किग्रा/मी3 1.0 किग्रा/मी3 (1.7 पाउ/गज3)
  • kg/m3 lb/ft3 (kg/m3 lb/cuft)
  • kg/m3 lb/yd3 (kg/m3 lb/cuyd)
ग्राम प्रति घन मीटर g/m3 ग्राम/मी3 1.0 ग्राम/मी3 (0.0017 पाउ/गज3)
  • g/m3 kg/m3
  • g/m3 lb/ft3 (g/cm3 lb/cuft)
  • g/m3 lb/yd3 (g/cm3 lb/cuyd)
Imperial
&
US customary
पाउण्ड प्रति घन फुट lb/ft3 पाउ/फुट3 1.0 पाउ/फुट3 (0.016 ग्राम/से॰मी3)
  • lb/ft3 kg/m3 (lb/cu ft g/m3)
  • lb/ft3 g/m3 (lb/cu ft g/m3)
पाउण्ड प्रति घन गज lb/yd3 पाउ/गज3 1.0 पाउ/गज3 (0.59 किग्रा/मी3)
  • lb/yd3 kg/m3 (lb/cuyd kg/m3)
  • lb/yd3 g/m3 (lb/cuyd g/m3)


ENERGY
(Full list)
system unit unit-
code
abbrev-
iation
notes sample default
conversion
combination
output units
SI गीगाजूल GJ Gजूल 1.0 Gजूल (240,000,000 cal)
मेगाजूल MJ मेगा॰जूल 1.0 मेगा॰जूल (240,000 cal)
किलोजूल kJ कि॰जूल 1.0 कि॰जूल (240 cal)
हैक्टोजूल hJ है॰जूल 1.0 है॰जूल (24 cal)
डेकाजूल daJ daजूल 1.0 daजूल (2.4 cal)
जूल J (none) 1.0 जूल (0.24 cal)
डेसीजूल dJ डे॰जूल 1.0 डे॰जूल (0.024 cal)
सेन्टीजूल cJ से॰जूल 1.0 से॰जूल (0.0024 cal)
मिलीजूल mJ मि॰जूल 1.0 मि॰जूल (0.00024 cal)
माइक्रोजूल μJ (uJ) µजूल 1.0 µजूल (2.4×10−7 cal)
नैनोजूल nJ nजूल 1.0 nजूल (2.4×10−10 cal)
cgs megaerg Merg Merg 1.0 Merg (0.10 जूल)
kiloerg kerg kerg 1.0 kerg (0.10 मि॰जूल)
erg erg (none) 1.0 erg (0.10 µजूल)
Watt-hour multiples terawatt-hour TWh TWh 1.0 TWh (3.6 Pजूल)
TW.h TW⋅h
gigawatt-hour GWh GWh 1.0 GWh (3.6 Tजूल)
GW.h GW⋅h
megawatt-hour MWh MWh 1.0 MWh (3.6 Gजूल)
MW.h MW⋅h
किलोवाट-घंटा kWh (none) 1.0 किलोवाट-घंटा (3.6 मेगा॰जूल)
kW.h kW⋅h
watt-hour Wh Wh 1.0 Wh (3.6 कि॰जूल)
W.h W⋅h
Electron-
volt
multiples
gigaelectronvolt GeV GeV 1.0 GeV (0.16 nजूल)
megaelectronvolt MeV MeV 1.0 MeV (0.16 pजूल)
kiloelectronvolt keV keV 1.0 keV (0.16 fजूल)
electronvolt eV eV 1.0 eV (0.16 aजूल)
millielectronvolt meV meV 1.0 meV (0.16 zजूल)
Calorie multiples calorie Cal Cal The thermo-chemical calorie is the default definition. For others, see the full list. 1.0 Cal (4.2 कि॰जूल)
megacalorie Mcal Mcal 1.0 Mcal (4.2 मेगा॰जूल)
किलोकैलोरी kcal (none) 1.0 किलोकैलोरी (4.2 कि॰जूल)
calorie cal cal 1.0 cal (4.2 जूल)
millicalorie mcal mcal 1.0 mcal (4.2 मि॰जूल)
pound/
ounce-
foot/
inch-hour-minute-second
foot-poundal ftpdl ft⋅pdl 1.0 ft⋅pdl (0.042 जूल)
फुट-पौंड बल ftlbf (none) 1.0 फुट-पौंड बल (1.4 जूल)
ftlb-f ft⋅lbf
inch-pound force inlbf in⋅lbf 1.0 in⋅lbf (110 मि॰जूल)
inlb-f in⋅lbf
inch-ounce force inozf in⋅ozf 1.0 in⋅ozf (7.1 मि॰जूल)
inoz-f in⋅ozf
horsepower-hour hph hp⋅h 1.0 hp⋅h (0.75 किलोवाट-घंटा)
British thermal unit British thermal unit Btu Btu The International Steam Table British thermal unit is used. For others, see the full list. 1.0 Btu (1.1 कि॰जूल)
BTU BTU
TNT-based units gigatonne of TNT GtTNT (none) 1.0 gigatonne of TNT (4.2 Eजूल)
gigaton of TNT GtonTNT (none)
megatonne of TNT MtTNT (none) 1.0 megatonne of TNT (4.2 Pजूल)
megaton of TNT MtonTNT Mt
kilotonne of TNT ktTNT (none) 1.0 kilotonne of TNT (4.2 Tजूल)
kiloton of TNT ktonTNT kt
tonne of TNT tTNT (none) 1.0 tonne of TNT (4.2 Gजूल)
ton of TNT tonTNT (none)
Other
Hartree Eh Eh 1.0 Eh (27 eV)
rydberg Ry Ry 1.0 Ry (14 eV)
tonne of oil equivalent toe toe 1.0 toe (42 Gजूल)
barrel of oil equivalent BOE BOE 1.0 BOE (6.1 Gजूल)
cubic foot of natural gas cuftnaturalgas (cufootnaturalgas) Unit-code cufootnaturalgas will show "cubic foot of natural gas" if plural. 1.0 cubic foot of natural gas (1.1 मेगा॰जूल)
litre-atmosphere latm l⋅atm 1.0 l⋅atm (100 जूल)
Latm L⋅atm
imperial gallon-atmosphere impgalatm imp gal⋅atm 1.0 imp gal⋅atm (460 जूल)
US gallon-atmosphere USgalatm
(usgalatm)
US gal⋅atm 1.0 US gal⋅atm (380 जूल)
U.S.galatm
(usgalatm)
U.S. gal⋅atm


FORCE
(Full list)
system unit unit-
code
abbrev-
iation
notes sample default
conversion
combination
output units
SI गीगान्यूटन GN Gन्यू. त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें 1.0 Gन्यू. (220,000,000 पौंड-बल)
  • GN LT-f
  • GN LTf
  • GN ST-f
  • GN STf
मेगान्यूटन MN मेगा॰न्यू. त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें 1.0 मेगा॰न्यू. (220,000 पौंड-बल)
  • MN LT-f
  • MN LTf
  • MN ST-f
  • MN STf
किलोन्यूटन kN कि॰न्यू. त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें 1.0 कि॰न्यू. (220 पौंड-बल)
  • kN LT-f
  • kN LTf
  • kN ST-f
  • kN STf
न्यूटन N न्यू. 1.0 न्यू. (0.22 पौंड-बल)
  • N lb-f
  • N lbf
  • N oz-f
  • N ozf
मिलीन्यूटन mN मि॰न्यू. 1.0 मि॰न्यू. (0.00022 पौंड-बल)
  • mN oz-f
  • mN ozf
  • mN gr-f
  • mN grf
माइक्रोन्यूटन μN (uN) µन्यू. 1.0 µन्यू. (2.2×10−7 पौंड-बल)
  • μN gr-f
  • μN grf
नैनोन्यूटन nN nन्यू. 1.0 nन्यू. (2.2×10−10 पौंड-बल)
  • nN gr-f
  • nN grf
cgs megadyne Mdyn Mdyn 1.0 Mdyn (2.2 पौंड-बल)
kilodyne kdyn kdyn 1.0 kdyn (0.036 ozf)
dyne dyn
(dyne)
dyn 1.0 dyn (0.016 grf)
millidyne mdyn mdyn 1.0 mdyn (1.6×10−5 grf)
Metric gravitational units tonne-force t-f tf 1.0 tf (9.8 कि॰न्यू.; 0.98 LTf; 1.1 STf)
tf tf
kilogram-force kg-f kgf 1.0 kgf (9.8 न्यू.; 2.2 पौंड-बल)
kgf kgf
gram-force g-f gf 1.0 gf (9.8 मि॰न्यू.; 0.035 ozf)
gf gf
milligram-force mg-f mgf 1.0 mgf (9.8 µन्यू.; 0.015 grf)
mgf mgf
Avoirdupois-based units poundal pdl pdl 1.0 pdl (0.14 न्यू.)
long ton-force LT-f LTf 1.0 LTf (10.0 कि॰न्यू.)
  • LT-f ST-f
LTf long ton-force
  • LTf STf
short ton-force ST-f STf 1.0 STf (8.9 कि॰न्यू.)
  • ST-f LT-f
STf short ton-force
  • STf LTf
पौंड बल lb-f पौंड-बल 1.0 पौंड-बल (4.4 न्यू.)
lbf पौंड-बल
grain-force gr-f grf 1.0 grf (640 µन्यू.)
grf grf


LENGTH
(Full list)
system unit unit-
code
abbrev-
iation
notes sample default
conversion
combination
output units
SI मेगामीटर Mm मेगा॰मी॰ US spelling: megameter
1.0 मेगा॰मी॰ (3,280,839 फीट 11 इंच)
किलोमीटर km कि॰मी॰ US spelling: kilometer
1.0 कि॰मी॰ (3,280 फीट 10 इंच)
  • km mi
मीटर m मी॰ US spelling: meter
1.0 मी॰ (3 फीटइंच)
  • m ft
  • m ftin
सेन्टीमीटर cm से॰मी॰ US spelling: centimeter
1.0 से॰मी॰ (0.39 इंच)
  • cm in
मिलीमीटर mm मि॰मी॰ US spelling: millimeter
1.0 मि॰मी॰ (0.039 इंच)
  • mm in
माइक्रोमीटर μm (um) µमी॰ US spelling: micrometer
1.0 µमी॰ (3.9×10−5 इंच)
नैनोमीटर nm nमी॰ US spelling: nanometer
1.0 nमी॰ (3.9×10−8 इंच)
non-SI metric ångström Å
(angstrom)
Å 1.0 Å (3.9×10−9 इंच)
Imperial
&
US customary
मील mi (none) 1.0 मील (1.6 कि॰मी॰)
  • mi km
furlong furlong (none) 1.0 furlong (660 फीट; 200 मी॰)
chain chain (none) 1.0 chain (66 फीट; 20 मी॰)
rod rd rd For other names of this unit see the full list. 1.0 rd (17 फीट; 5.0 मी॰)
फ़ैदम fathom (none) fathom ≡ 6 ft 1.0 फ़ैदम (6.0 फीट; 1.8 मी॰)
गज़ yd (none) assumes the international definition 1.0 गज़ (0.91 मी॰)
फुट ft (foot) फीट long code "foot" का परिणाम फुट होगा (और फीट कभी नहीं) 1.0 फीट (0.30 मी॰)
  • ftin (feet and inches)
  • ft m (foot m)
इंच in (none) 1.0 इंच (25 मि॰मी॰)
  • in cm
  • in mm
Other समुद्री मील nmi (none) the international standard nautical mile
For other nautical miles see the full list.
1.0 समुद्री मील (1.9 कि॰मी॰; 1.2 मील)
पारसेक pc (none) 1.0 पारसेक (3.3 प्रकाश वर्ष)
प्रकाश वर्ष ly (none) 1.0 प्रकाश वर्ष (63,000 खगोलीय इकाई)
खगोलीय इकाई AU (none) 1.0 खगोलीय इकाई (150,000,000 कि॰मी॰; 93,000,000 मील)


MASS
(Full list)
system unit unit-
code
abbrev-
iation
notes sample default
conversion
combination
output units
SI किलोग्राम kg कि॰ग्राम त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें 1.0 कि॰ग्राम (35 औंस)
  • kg lb
  • kg st
ग्राम g (none) 1.0 ग्राम (0.035 औंस)
  • g oz
मिलीग्राम mg मि॰ग्राम 1.0 मि॰ग्राम (3.5×10−5 औंस)
  • mg gr
माइक्रोग्राम μg (ug) µग्राम 1.0 µग्राम (3.5×10−8 औंस)
non-SI metric टन t द्रव्यमान त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें 1.0 द्रव्यमान (0.98 लंबे टन; 1.1 लघु टन)
  • t LT
  • t ST
metric ton MT t
  • MT LT
  • MT ST
Avoirdupois लंबे टन LT (none) 2,240 lb
used mostly in the British Commonwealth.
त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें
1.0 लंबे टन (1.0 द्रव्यमान)
  • LT t
  • LT MT
  • LT ST
long ton लंबे टन
लघु टन ST (none) 2,000 lb
used mostly in the US.
त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें
1.0 लघु टन (0.91 द्रव्यमान)
  • ST t
  • ST MT
  • ST LT
short ton लघु टन
स्टोन st (none) 14 lb
used mostly in the British Commonwealth except Canada.
त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें
1.0 स्टोन (14 पौंड; 6.4 कि॰ग्राम)
  • st kg
  • st lb
पौंड lb (none) त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें 1.0 पौंड (0.45 कि॰ग्राम)
  • lb kg
  • lb st
औंस oz (none) 1.0 औंस (28 ग्राम)
  • oz g
drachm drachm (none) 1.0 drachm (1.8 ग्राम)
drachm dram (none)
अनाज gr (none) equivalent to the troy grain 1.0 अनाज (0.065 ग्राम)
Troy troy ounce ozt ozt 1.0 ozt (1.1 औंस; 31 ग्राम)
other कैरट carat (none) 1.0 कैरट (0.20 ग्राम)


SPEED
(Full list)
system unit unit-
code
abbrev-
iation
notes sample default
conversion
combination
output units
SI मीटर प्रति सेकंड m/s मी/से US spelling: meter per second
1.0 मी/से (3.3 फुट/सेकंड)
  • m/s ft/s (m/s foot/s)
non-SI metric किलोमीटर प्रति घंटा km/h किमी/घंटा US spelling: kilometer per hour
1.0 किमी/घंटा (0.62 मील/घंटा)
  • km/h mph
Imperial
&
US customary
मील प्रति घंटा mph मील/घंटा 1.0 मील/घंटा (1.6 किमी/घंटा)
  • mph km/h
  • mph kn
फुट प्रति सेकंड ft/s (foot/s) फुट/सेकंड long code "foot/s" का परिणाम foot per second होगा (और फीट कभी नहीं) 1.0 फुट/सेकंड (0.30 मी/से)
  • ft/s m/s
Maritime units नॉट kn (knot) (none) 1.0 नॉट (1.9 किमी/घंटा; 1.2 मील/घंटा)
  • kn mph


TEMPERATURE
(Full list)
system unit unit-
code
abbrev-
iation
notes sample default
conversion
combination
output units
SI के K के त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें 1.0 के (−272.15 °से.; −457.87 °फ़ै)
  • K °C (K C)
  • K °R (K R)
  • K °F (K F)
°से. °C (C) °से. 1.0 °से. (33.8 °फ़ै)
  • °C K (C K)
  • °C °R (C R)
  • °C °F (C F)
Imperial
&
US customary
°R °R (R) °R 1.0 °R (0.556 के; −458.670 °फ़ै; −272.594 °से.)
  • °R K (R K)
  • °R °C (R C)
  • °R °F (R F)
°फ़ै °F (F) °फ़ै 1.0 °फ़ै (−17.2 °से.)
  • °F K (F K)
  • °F °C (F C)
  • °F °R (F R)
Celsius change C-change Used for temperature intervals instead of actual temperatures
Example:  {{convert|5|C-change|0}} warmer
Result: 5 °से. (9 °फ़ै) warmer
Fahrenheit change F-change Used for temperature intervals instead of actual temperatures
Example:  {{convert|10|F-change|0}} colder
Result: 10 °फ़ै (6 °से.) colder


TORQUE
(Full list)
system unit unit-
code
abbrev-
iation
notes sample default
conversion
combination
output units
Industrial
SI न्यूटन मीटर Nm न्यू.मी Triple combinations are also possible. See the full list. 1.0 न्यू.मी (0.74 lbf⋅ft)
  • Nm kg.m
  • Nm lb.ft
Non-SI metric kilogram metre kg.m kg⋅m 1.0 kg⋅m (9.8 न्यू.मी; 7.2 पौंड-फीट)
  • kg.m Nm
  • kg.m lb.ft
Imperial
&
US customary
पौंड बल-फुट lb.ft पौंड बल-फीट 1.0 पौंड बल-फीट (1.4 न्यू.मी)
  • lb.ft Nm
  • lb.ft kg-m
Scientific
SI न्यूटन मीटर N.m न्यू.मी Triple combinations are also possible. See the full list. 1.0 न्यू.मी (0.74 lbf⋅ft)
  • N.m kgf.m
  • N.m lbf.ft
Non-SI metric kilogram force-metre kgf.m kgf⋅m 1.0 kgf⋅m (9.8 न्यू.मी; 7.2 lbf⋅ft)
  • kgf.m N.m
  • kgf.m lbf.ft
Imperial
&
US customary
pound force-foot lbf.ft lbf⋅ft 1.0 lbf⋅ft (1.4 न्यू.मी)
  • lbf.ft N.m
  • lbf.ft kgf.m


VOLUME
(Full list)
system unit unit-
code
abbrev-
iation
notes sample default
conversion
combination
output units
SI घन मीटर m3 मी3 US spelling: cubic meter
one kilolitre
1.0 मी3 (35 घन फुट)
घनसेन्टी मीटर cm3 से॰मी3 US spelling: cubic centimeter
one millilitre
1.0 से॰मी3 (3.5×10−5 घन फुट)
cc घन सेंटीमीटर
घनमिली मीटर mm3 मि॰मी3 US spelling: cubic millimeter
1.0 मि॰मी3 (3.5×10−8 घन फुट)
non-SI metric किलोलीटर kl कि॰ली US spelling: kiloliter
one cubic metre
1.0 कि॰ली (220 ब्रिटिश गैलन; 260 अमेरिकी गैलन)
kL कि॰ली
लीटर l ली US spelling: liter
one cubic decimetre
त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें
1.0 ली (0.22 ब्रिटिश गैलन; 0.26 अमेरिकी गैलन)
  • l impgal
  • l USgal
  • l U.S.gal
  • l USdrygal
  • l U.S.drygal
L ली
  • L impgal
  • L impqt
  • L USgal
  • L U.S.gal
  • L USdrygal
  • L U.S.drygal
सेन्टीलीटर cl से॰ली US spelling: centiliter
1.0 से॰ली (0.0022 ब्रिटिश गैलन; 0.0026 अमेरिकी गैलन)
cL से॰ली
मिलीलीटर ml मि॰ली US spelling: milliliter
one cubic centimetre
1.0 मि॰ली (0.00022 ब्रिटिश गैलन; 0.00026 अमेरिकी गैलन)
  • ml impoz
  • ml USoz
  • ml U.S.oz
mL मि॰ली
  • mL impoz
  • mL USoz
  • mL U.S.oz
Imperial
&
US customary
घन गज cuyd (none) 1.0 घन गज (0.76 मी3)
घन फुट cuft (cufoot) (none) long code "cufoot" का परिणाम cubic foot होगा (और फीट कभी नहीं) 1.0 घन फुट (0.028 मी3)
घन इंच cuin (none) 1.0 घन इंच (16 से॰मी3)
Imperial imperial barrel impbbl imp bbl 36 imp gal 1.0 imp bbl (160 ली; 36 ब्रिटिश गैलन; 43 अमेरिकी गैलन)
imperial bushel impbsh imp bsh 8 imp gal 1.0 imp bsh (36 ली; 8.0 ब्रिटिश गैलन; 8.3 US dry gal)
impbu imp bu
ब्रिटिश गैलन impgal (none) 4.54609 litres by definition, also
4 imp qt or 8 imp pt or 160 imp fl oz
त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें
1.0 ब्रिटिश गैलन (4.5 ली; 1.2 अमेरिकी गैलन)
  • impgal l
  • impgal L
  • impgal USgal
  • impgal U.S.gal
  • impgal USdrygal
  • impgal U.S.drygal
imperial quart impqt imp qt 1/4 imp gal or 40 imp fl oz 1.0 imp qt (1,100 मि॰ली; 38 अमेरिकी द्रव औंस)
imperial pint imppt imp pt 1/8 imp gal or 20 imp fl oz 1.0 imp pt (0.57 ली)
ब्रिटिश तरल औंस impoz (impfloz) (none) 1/160 imp gal 1.0 ब्रिटिश तरल औंस (28 मि॰ली; 0.96 अमेरिकी द्रव औंस)
  • impoz USoz
  • impoz U.S.oz
  • impoz ml
  • impoz mL
US customary
liquid measure
US barrel USbbl US bbl 31½ US gal
used for liquids except for oil and beer (see the full list)
1.0 US bbl (120 ली; 32 अमेरिकी गैलन; 26 ब्रिटिश गैलन)
U.S.bbl U.S. bbl
बैरल oilbbl (none) 42 US gal 1.0 बैरल (0.16 मी3)
US beer barrel USbeerbbl
(usbeerbbl)
US bbl 1.0 US bbl (120 ली; 31 अमेरिकी गैलन; 26 ब्रिटिश गैलन)
U.S.beerbbl
(usbeerbbl)
U.S. bbl
अमेरिकी गैलन USgal (none) 231 cubic inches by definition, also
4 US qt or 8 US pt or 128 US fl oz
त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें
1.0 अमेरिकी गैलन (3.8 ली; 0.83 ब्रिटिश गैलन)
  • USgal l
  • USgal L
  • USgal impgal
U.S.gal अमेरिकी गैलन
  • USgal l
  • USgal L
  • USgal impgal
US अमेरिकी चौथाई भाग USqt (none) 1/4 US gal or 32 US fl oz 1.0 US अमेरिकी चौथाई भाग (950 मि॰ली)
U.S.qt अमेरिकी चौथाई भाग
US pint USpt US pt 1/8 US gal or 16 US fl oz 1.0 US pt (0.47 ली; 0.83 imp pt)
U.S.pt U.S. pt
अमेरिकी द्रव औंस USoz
(USfloz)
(none) 1/128 US gal 1.0 अमेरिकी द्रव औंस (30 मि॰ली)
  • USoz ml
  • USoz mL
  • USoz impoz
U.S.oz
(U.S.floz)
अमेरिकी द्रव औंस
  • U.S.oz ml
  • U.S.oz mL
  • U.S.oz impoz
US customary
dry measure
US dry barrel USdrybbl US dry bbl 105/32 US bsh 1.0 US dry bbl (0.12 मी3)
U.S.drybbl U.S. dry bbl
US bushel USbsh US bsh 2150.42 cubic inches by definition 1.0 US bsh (35 ली; 8.0 US dry gal; 7.8 ब्रिटिश गैलन)
U.S.bsh U.S. bsh
US bushel USbu US bu 2150.42 cubic inches by definition 1.0 US bu (35 ली; 8.0 US dry gal; 7.8 ब्रिटिश गैलन)
U.S.bu U.S. bu
US dry gallon USdrygal US dry gal 1/8 US bsh
त्रिक परिणाम इकाइयों को अनुमत करता है। पूरी सूची देखें
1.0 US dry gal (4.4 ली)
  • USdrygal l
  • USdrygal L
  • USdrygal impgal
U.S.drygal U.S. dry gal
  • U.S.drygal l
  • U.S.drygal L
  • U.S.drygal impgal
US dry quart USdryqt US dry qt 1/32 US bsh 1.0 US dry qt (1,100 मि॰ली)
U.S.dryqt U.S. dry qt
US dry pint USdrypt US dry pt 1/32 US bsh 1.0 US dry pt (550 मि॰ली)
U.S.drypt U.S. dry pt


PRESSURE
unit unit-
code
abbrev-
iation
sample default
conversion
गीगापास्कल GPa Gपास्कल 1.0 Gपास्कल (150,000 पाउंड प्रति वर्ग इंच)
मेगापास्कल MPa मेगा॰पास्कल 1.0 मेगा॰पास्कल (150 पाउंड प्रति वर्ग इंच)
किलोपास्कल kPa कि॰पास्कल 1.0 कि॰पास्कल (0.15 पाउंड प्रति वर्ग इंच)
हैक्टोपास्कल hPa है॰पास्कल 1.0 है॰पास्कल (0.015 पाउंड प्रति वर्ग इंच)
पास्कल Pa (none) 1.0 पास्कल (0.00015 पाउंड प्रति वर्ग इंच)
मिलीपास्कल mPa मि॰पास्कल 1.0 मि॰पास्कल (1.5×10−7 पाउंड प्रति वर्ग इंच)
millibar mbar mbar 1.0 mbar (1.0 है॰पास्कल)
mb mb
decibar dbar dbar 1.0 dbar (10 कि॰पास्कल)
bar bar (none) 1.0 bar (100 कि॰पास्कल)
kilobarye kBa kBa 1.0 kBa (1.0 है॰पास्कल)
barye Ba Ba 1.0 Ba (0.10 पास्कल)
standard atmosphere atm परमाणु 1.0 परमाणु (100 कि॰पास्कल)
टोर्र Torr (none) 1.0 टोर्र (0.13 कि॰पास्कल)
millimetre of mercury mmHg mmHg 1.0 mmHg (0.13 कि॰पास्कल)
पारा के इंच inHg (none) 1.0 पारा के इंच (3.4 कि॰पास्कल)
पाउंड प्रति वर्ग इंच psi (none) 1.0 पाउंड प्रति वर्ग इंच (6.9 कि॰पास्कल)
FUEL EFFICIENCY
unit unit-
code
notes combinations
kilometres per litre km/l (km/L) Use km/L to get "km/L"
  • km/l mpgimp
  • km/l mpgus
litres per 100 kilometres l/100 km (L/100 km) Use L/100 km to get "L/100 km"
  • l/100 km mpgimp
  • l/100 km mpgus
litres per kilometre l/km (L/km) Use L/km to get "L/km"
  • l/km impgal/mi
  • l/km usgal/mi
miles per imperial gallon mpgimp
  • mpgimp mpgus
miles per US gallon mpgus (mpgUS, mpgU.S.) Use mpgUS to get "US"

Use mpgU.S. to get "U.S."
mpgus will give "U.S." if spelling is
set to US & "US" otherwise

  • mpgus mpgimp
imperial gallons per mile impgal/mi
  • impgal/mi
US gallons per mile usgal/mi (USgal/mi, U.S.gal/mi) As above with the us vs US vs U.S.
  • usgal/mi
The mpgUS, mpgU.S., USgal/mi vs U.S.gal/mi, km/L, L/100 km and L/km variants work within combinations also (making 36 combinations in total).
POWER
Watts, kilowatts, milliwatts, etc. are supported. As is horsepower (English & metric). Use standard abbreviations as input code (lowercase hp for horsepower, for example)
POPULATION DENSITY
unit unit-
code
notes combinations
inhabitants per square kilometre PD/sqkm PD stands for population density, i.e. humans (inhabitants)
  • PD/sqkm PD/sqmi
per square kilometre /sqkm Used when the word 'inhabitants' would be inappropriate.
  • /sqkm /sqmi
inhabitants per hectare PD/ha
  • PD/ha PD/acre
per hectare /ha
  • /ha /acre
inhabitants per square mile PD/sqmi PD stands for population density, i.e. humans (inhabitants)
  • PD/sqmi PD/sqkm
per square mile /sqmi Used when the word 'inhabitants' would be inappropriate.
  • /sqmi /sqkm
inhabitants per acre PD/acre
  • PD/acre PD/ha
per acre /acre
  • /acre /ha
COST PER UNIT MASS
unit unit-
code
notes combinations
dollars per pound $/lb "$" can mean US$, HK$, etc.
  • (none)
dollars per kilogram $/kg
  • (none)
dollars per troy ounce $/ozt 12 troy ounces in 1 troy pound
  • (none)

When using a slash (/), a unit like kg/hl is recognized as kilograms per hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units.

  • {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} → 1,000 किलोग्राम प्रति हैक्टोलीटर (1,600 औंस/ब्रिटिश गैलन)

Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature

[संपादित करें]

We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples:

  • {{convert|10|C}} → 10 °से. (50 °फ़ै) (standard temperature conversion)
  • {{convert|10–15|C}} → 10–15 °से. (50–59 °फ़ै) (standard temperature range conversion)

When expressing a temperature change (e.g., "The temperature increased by 10 °C"), or when comparing temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15 °C warmer"), we cannot use the standard temperature units (|C, |F and |K), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": |C-change, |F-change and |K-change.

Compare the following two examples with the two above:

  • {{convert|10|C-change}} → 10 °से. (18 °फ़ै) increase in temperature
  • {{convert|10–15|C-change}} → 10–15 °से. (18–27 °फ़ै) warmer than normal

To produce multiple units in the output:

  • {{convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} → 10 °से. (18 °फ़ै; 10 K) difference

Multiple units: 1 ft 5 in

[संपादित करें]

Base document साँचा:Convert § Notes lists options for multiple unit input (like ft,in). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft):

  • {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} → 1 गज़ 2 फीट 3 इंच (1.60 मी॰)
  • {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} → 2 फीट 3 इंच (69 से॰मी॰)
  • {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} → 1 पौंड 5 औंस (600 ग्राम)

Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like ftin and ydftin. The full list is at साँचा:Convert § Notes.

  • {{convert|2|m|ftin}} → 2 मीटर (6 फीट 7 इंच)
  • {{convert|2|m|ft in}} → 2 मीटर (6.6 फीट; 79 इंच), using a space, returns the decimal point

Default behaviour, for comparison:

  • {{convert|2|m}} → 2 मीटर (6 फीट 7 इंच)

See also:

  • {{hands}} a length used to measure horses
  • {{Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb

Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km

[संपादित करें]

Using currency symbols in a $ per unit value, you can convert the per-unit:

  • {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} → $10 प्रति मील ($6.2/कि॰मी॰)

You can set the currency in both values using |$=€:

  • {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} → €10 प्रति मील (€6.2/कि॰मी॰)

It is not possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is not possible: साँचा:!mxt साँचा:Nay

Using convert inside templates

[संपादित करें]

For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{Convert}} has these options:

Pre-formatting fraction input
Your template can accept |input=16 7/8 and use {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} → 16+7/8
Using a Wikidata property
  • Adding the Wikidata property code, like code |input=P2073, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read.

Note: to return that property value for an other article, use |qid=.

Example for साँचा:Wikidata property link: Note: this example uses |qid=Q1056131 (testing for (Q1056131))

  • {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} → 1,500 मील (7,920,000 फीट 0 इंच)
  • {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} → 1,500 मील (2,400 कि॰मी॰)
  • {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} → 2,400 कि॰मी॰
For example see template:Infobox Telescope.
Parameter options for {{convert}}
Parameter Value Description Note
|abbr=in in Use symbol for first (left-hand side) unit Unit display
|abbr=off off Use name for all units Unit display
|abbr=none none
|abbr=on on Use symbol for all units Unit display
|abbr=out out Use symbol for right-hand side unit (default) Unit display
|abbr=unit unit Use symbol for all units when using scientific notation Unit display
|abbr=values values Omit both the input and output units: show only the numbers Unit display
|abbr=~ ~ Shows both unit name and symbol Unit display
|adj=mid|… mid User-specified text after the input unit; sets adj=on (adjective). Expects 1 unnamed parameter. Word adding, adjective
|adj=on on Unit name is adjective (singular and hyphenated) Grammar, adjective
|adj=pre|… pre User-specified text before input unit. Expects 1 unnamed parameter. Word adding
|adj=ri0 ri0 Round input with precision 0 Input precision
|adj=ri1 ri1 Round input with precision 1 Input precision
|adj=ri2 ri2 Round input with precision 2 Input precision
|adj=ri3 ri3 Round input with precision 3 Input precision
|comma=5 5 Only use comma for thousands separator if 5 or more digits Number format
|comma=gaps gaps Use gaps (space), not comma, for thousands separator Number format
|comma=off off No thousands separator Number format
|disp=b b Join input and output using " (...)" (default) Join values
|disp=sqbr sqbr Join input and output using " [...]" Join values
|disp=br br Join input and output using "<br/>" Join values
|disp=comma comma Join input and output using ", " Join values
|disp=or or Join input and output using " or " Join values
|disp=number number Display output number only Parts only
|disp=output number only output number only
|disp=out out Display only output number and name/symbol Parts only
|disp=output only output only
|disp=preunit|…[|…] preunit Text to be inserted after value and before units, for both input and output, with optionally different text for output. Expects 1 or 2 unnamed parameters. Word adding
|disp=table table Output is suitable for a table cell with align="right" Table columns
|disp=tablecen tablecen Output is suitable for a table cell with align="center" Table columns
|disp=unit unit Display input name/symbol only (not input number, not output) Parts only
|disp=unit2 unit2 Display output name/symbol only (not input; not output number) Parts only
|disp=x|… x Join input and output using user-specified text Word adding
|frac=N N Show imperial number in fractions, denominator=N Number format, fraction
|input=P2048 P2048 (e.g.) Reads and converts Wikidata property Inside template
|lk=in in Link left-hand side unit name or symbol Unit link
|lk=on on Link all unit names or symbols (but not twice for the same unit) Unit link
|lk=out out Link right-hand side unit name or symbol Unit link
|order=flip flip Inverts order of input, output measurements (conversion first) Order
|order=out out Displays output units in the order entered, skipping input unit Order
|qid=Q1056131 Q1056131 (e.g.) Reads Wikidata property from Wikidata item Inside template; testing
|round=5 5 Rounds calculation to the nearest multiple of 5 Output precision
|round=25 25 Rounds calculation to the nearest multiple of 25 Output precision
|round=each each In a range, each number is rounded by the default rounding Output precision
|sigfig=N N Round output number to N significant figures (N is a positive integer) Output precision
|sortable=on on Adds invisible sort key Table sort
|sp=us us Use U.S. spelling ("meter" instead of default "metre") Spelling U.S. names
|spell=in in Spell input number in words Spelling numbers
|spell=In In Spell input number in words with first letter uppercase Spelling numbers
|spell=on on Spell input and output numbers in words Spelling numbers
|spell=On On Spell input and output numbers in words with first letter uppercase Spelling numbers
|$=€ Replace $-sign with a currency sign, for example in $/acre (no currency conversion happens) Cost per unit
|debug=yes yes Debugging only. In a sortable table: show the normally hidden sort key Table sort
साँचा:!mxt flip Deprecated. Use साँचा:Mxt Order
साँचा:!mxt Deprecated. Use साँचा:Mxt Plurals
This list:  view • talk • edit 

Deprecated options should not be used. They may produce incorrect or undesired results and there is no guarantee that they will be supported in the future.

  • disp=flip is deprecated. Use order=flip instead
  • sing= is deprecated in any situation. Use adj= instead
  • Range separator |xx| is deprecated (not compliant). Use |x| instead
  • Range separator |*| is deprecated (not compliant). Use |x| instead
This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools; see the monthly parameter usage report for this template.

TemplateData for Convert

Converts measurements to other units.

साँचे के पैरामीटर्स[साँचा डेटा सम्पादित करें]

इस साँचे के लिए पैरामीटरों के इनलाइन प्रारूपण को प्राथमिकता दी जाती है।

पैरामीटरविवरणप्रकारस्थिति
Value1

The value to convert.

संख्याआवश्यक
From unit2

The unit for the provided value.

उदाहरण
km
पंक्तिआवश्यक
To units3

The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.

उदाहरण
mi nmi
स्ट्रिंगसुझावित
Precision or suffix4

Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.

संख्यावैकल्पिक
Link unitslk

Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.

डिफ़ॉल्ट
off
उदाहरण
on
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Abbreviationabbr

Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).

डिफ़ॉल्ट
out
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Spellingsp

Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.

उदाहरण
us
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Adjectiveadj

Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.

डिफ़ॉल्ट
off
उदाहरण
on
बूलियनवैकल्पिक
Conversiondisp

Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.

उदाहरण
b
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Orderingorder

“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.

उदाहरण
flip
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Significant figuressigfig

Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.

संख्यावैकल्पिक
Rounding outputround

The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.

संख्यावैकल्पिक
Thousands separatorcomma

Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').

डिफ़ॉल्ट
on
उदाहरण
off
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Sort keysortable

“on” generates a hidden sort key

उदाहरण
on
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
spellspell

कोई विवरण नहीं

अज्ञातवैकल्पिक

साँचा:Convert navs