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तुर्की लोग

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तुर्की लोग (तुर्की: Türkler) विश्व का सबसे बड़ा तुर्क जातीय समूह है, जो तुर्की और उत्तरी साइप्रस के निवासियों हैं। वे उस्मानी साम्राज्य के पूर्व क्षेत्रों में भी रहते हैं। उनकी मातृभाषा तुर्की है। तुर्की के संविधान के अनुच्छेद 66 के अनुसार, एक तुर्क तुर्की गणराज्य का नागरिक है।[1]

तुर्की लोग
Türkler
दुनिया भर के तुर्की लोग
कुल जनसंख्या
ल. 8 करोड़
विशेष निवासक्षेत्र
 तुर्की: 6,00,00,000 to 6,50,00,000[2][3]
 उत्तरी साइप्रस: 3,15,000a[4]
Other countries
तुर्की प्रवासी: 
 जर्मनी30,00,000 – 70,00,000+[5][6][7][8]
 अमेरिका10,00,000 – 30,00,000[9][10][11][12]
 फ़्राँस10,00,000+[13][14][15]
 नीदरलैंड5,00,000 – 20,00,000+[16][17][18][19]
 ब्रिटेन5,00,000b[20][21]
 ऑस्ट्रिया3,60,000 – 5,00,000[22][23]
 बेल्जियम2,50,000 – 5,00,000[24][25]
 ऑस्ट्रेलिया3,20,000c[26][27]
 कज़ाख़स्तान2,50,000d[28]
 स्वीडन1,85,000e[29][30][31]
 रूस1,09,883 – 1,50,000[32][33]
 आज़र्बैजान1,30,000d[28]
  स्विट्ज़रलैंड1,20,000[34]
 कनाडा1,00,000+[35]
 डेनमार्क67,885[36]
 किर्गिज़स्तान55,000d[28]
 इटली50,000[37]
 उज़्बेकिस्तान25,000d[28]
 नॉर्वे16,500[38]
 यूक्रेन8,844 – 15,000[39][28]
 तुर्कमेनिस्तान13,000[40]
 फ़िनलैंड10,000[41]
 पोलैंड5,000[42]
 न्यूज़ीलैंड3,600 – 4,600f[43][27]
 आयरलैंड2,000 – 3,000[44]
 ब्राज़ील2,000 – 6,300[45][46]
 लिक्टेन्स्टाइन1,000[47]
अरब देशों में तुर्की लोग: 
 इराक़30,00,000 – 50,00,000[48][49][50]
सीरिया10,00,000 – 17,00,000g[51][52]
 लीबिया10,00,000 – 14,00,000h[53][54]
 मिस्र1,00,000 – 15,00,000[55]
 लेबनान2,80,000i[56][57]
 सउदी अरब2,70,000 – 3,50,000[58][59]
 यमन10,000 – 1,00,000[60]
 जॉर्डन50,000[61]
बाल्कन में तुर्की लोग: 
भाषाएँ
तुर्की
धर्म
इस्लाम[62]
(सुन्नीवाद, अलवीवाद, अन्य)[63][64][65][66]
अल्पमत अधार्मिकता[67][68]
सम्बन्धित सजातीय समूह
आज़र्बैजानी लोग[69][70]
तुर्केमेन लोग;[69][70] अन्य तुर्क लोग[71]
a Approximately 200,000 are Turkish Cypriots and the remainder are Turkish settlers.[62]
b Turkish Cypriots form 300,000[72] to 400,000[73] of the Turkish-British population. Mainland Turks are the next largest group, followed by Turkish Bulgarians and Turkish Romanians.[74] Turkish minorities have also settled from Iraq,[75] Greece,[76] etc.
c Turkish Australians include 200,000 mainland Turks,[26] 120,000 Turkish Cypriots,[27] and smaller Turkish groups from Bulgaria,[77] Greece,[78] North Macedonia,[78] Syria,[79] and Western Europe.[78]
d These figures only include Turkish Meskhetians. Official censuses are considered unreliable because many Turks have incorrectly been registered as "Azeri",[80][81] "Kazakh",[82] "Kyrgyz",[83] and "Uzbek".[83]
e The Turkish Swedish community includes 150,000 mainland Turks,[29] 30,000 Turkish Bulgarians,[30] 5,000 Turkish Macedonians,[31] and smaller groups from Iraq and Syria.
f Including 2,000–3,000 mainland Turks[43] and 1,600 Turkish Cypriots.[27]
g This includes the Turkish-speaking minority only (i.e. 30% of Syrian Turks).[84] Estimates including the Arabized Turks range between 3.5 and 6 million.[85]
h Includes the Kouloughlis who are descendants of the old Turkish ruling class.[86]
i Includes 80,000 Turkish Lebanese[56] and 200,000 recent refugees from Syria.[57]
  1. ↑ CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY (PDF). Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Department of Laws and Resolutions. May 2019. अभिगमन तिथि: 20 February 2024.
  2. ↑ Garibova, Jala (2011), "A Pan-Turkic Dream: Language Unification of Turks", in Fishman, Joshua; Garcia, Ofelia (eds.), Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts, Oxford University Press, p. 268, ISBN 9780199837991, Approximately 200 million people,... speak nearly 40 Turkic languages and dialects. Turkey is the largest Turkic state, with about 60 million ethnic Turks living in its territories.
  3. ↑ Hobbs, Joseph J. (2017), Fundamentals of World Regional Geography, Cengage, p. 223, ISBN 9781305854956, The greatest are the 65 million Turks of Turkey, who speak Turkish, a Turkic language...
  4. ↑ "KKTC 2011 NÜFUS VE KONUT SAYIMI" (PDF). 27 September 2013 को मूल से पुरालेखित (PDF). अभिगमन तिथि: 14 February 2014.
  5. ↑ Orvis, Stephen; Drogus, Carol Ann (2018). Introducing Comparative Politics: Concepts and Cases in Context (अंग्रेज़ी भाषा में). CQ Press. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-5443-7444-4. Today, nearly three million ethnic Turks live in Germany, and many have raised children there.
  6. ↑ Engstrom, Aineias (12 January 2021), "Turkish-German "dream team" behind first COVID-19 vaccine", Portland State Vanguard, Portland State University, मूल से से 27 March 2021 को पुरालेखित।, अभिगमन तिथि: 27 March 2021, The German census does not gather data on ethnicity, however according to estimates, somewhere between 4–7 million people with Turkish roots, or 5–9% of the population, live in Germany.
  7. ↑ Zestos, George K.; Cooke, Rachel N. (2020), Challenges for the EU as Germany Approaches Recession (PDF), Levy Economics Institute, p. 22, Presently (2020) more than seven million Turks live in Germany.
  8. ↑ Szyszkowitz, Tessa (2005), "Germany", in Von Hippel, Karin (ed.), Europe Confronts Terrorism, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 53, ISBN 978-0230524590, It is a little late to start the debate about being an immigrant country now, when already seven million Turks live in Germany.
  9. ↑ Bryson, John (2012), "Remarks by Commerce Secretary Bryson, April 5, 2012", Foreign Policy Bulletin, 22 (3), Cambridge University Press: 137, Here in the U.S., you can see our person-to-person relationships growing stronger each day. You can see it in the 13,000 Turkish students that are studying here in the U.S. You can see it in corporate leaders like Muhtar Kent, the CEO of Coca-Cola, and you can see it in more than one million Turkish-Americans who add to the rich culture and fabric of our country. The citation is also available on Remarks at Center for American Progress & Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey (TUSKON) Luncheon, U.S. Department of Commerce, 2012, अभिगमन तिथि: 13 November 2020
  10. ↑ Feldman, Brian (2022), The District 15 Delegation will be making an appearance Thursday on a TV show which reaches over 2 million Turkish Americans as well as viewers in Turkey!, Facebook, अभिगमन तिथि: 3 November 2022
  11. ↑ सन्दर्भ त्रुटि: <ref> का गलत प्रयोग; Şafak2009 नाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है।
  12. ↑ Lucena, Jorge (2022), MEET MURAD ISLAMOV: THE FOUNDER AND CEO OF MAYA BAGEL EXPRESS, Flaunt, मूल से से 26 March 2022 को पुरालेखित।, अभिगमन तिथि: 26 March 2022, Over 3 million Turkish Americans live in various states across the united states. They have had a significant impact on the united states' culture, achievements, and history.
  13. ↑ Hentz, Jean-Gustave; Hasselmann, Michel (2010). Transculturalité, religion, traditions autour de la mort en réanimation. Springer-Verlag France. डीओआई:10.1007/978-2-287-99072-4_33. ISBN 978-2-287-99072-4. La France d'aujourd'hui est une société multiculturelle et multiethnique riche de 4,9 millions de migrants représentant environ 8 % de la population du pays. L'immigration massive de populations du sud de l'Europe de culture catholique après la deuxième guerre mondiale a été suivie par l'arrivée de trois millions d'Africains du Nord, d'un million de Turcs et de contingents importants d'Afrique Noire et d'Asie qui ont implanté en France un islam majoritairement sunnite (Maghrébins et Africains de l'Ouest) mais aussi chiite (Pakistanais et Africains de l'Est).
  14. ↑ Gallard, Joseph; Nguyen, Julien (2020), "Il est temps que la France appelle à de véritables sanctions contre le jeu d'Erdogan", Marianne, मूल से से 14 February 2021 को पुरालेखित।, अभिगमन तिथि: 25 November 2020, ... et ce grâce à la nombreuse diaspora turque, en particulier en France et en Allemagne. Ils seraient environ un million dans l'Hexagone, si ce n'est plus...es raisons derrière ne sont pas difficiles à deviner : l'immense population turque en Allemagne, estimée par Merkel elle-même aux alentours de sept millions et qui ne manquerait pas de se faire entendre si l'Allemagne prenait des mesures allant à l'encontre de la Turquie.
  15. ↑ Contrat d'objectifs et de moyens (COM) 2020-2022 de France Médias Monde: Mme Joëlle Garriaud-Maylam, co-rapporteur, Sénat, 2021, अभिगमन तिथि: 7 May 2021, Enfin, comme vous l'avez dit au sujet de la Turquie, il est essentiel que la France investisse davantage dans les langues qui sont parlées sur le territoire national. On recense plus d'un million de Turcs en France. Ils ne partagent pas toujours nos objectifs et nos valeurs, parce qu'ils subissent l'influence d'une presse qui ne nous est pas toujours très favorable. Il est donc très utile de les prendre en compte dans le développement de nos médias.
  16. ↑ Aalberse, Suzanne; Backus, Ad; Muysken, Pieter [in डच] (2019), Heritage Languages: A language Contact Approach, John Benjamins Publishing Company, p. 90, ISBN 978-9027261762, the Dutch Turkish community... out of a population that over the years must have numbered half a million.
  17. ↑ Tocci, Nathalie (2004), EU Accession Dynamics and Conflict Resolution: Catalysing Peace Or Consolidating Partition in Cyprus?, Ashgate Publishing, p. 130, ISBN 9780754643104, The Dutch government was concerned about Turkey's reaction to the European Council's conclusions on Cyprus, keeping in mind the presence of two million Turks in Holland and the strong business links with Turkey.
  18. ↑ van Veen, Rita (2007), 'De koningin heeft oog voor andere culturen', Trouw, मूल से से 12 April 2021 को पुरालेखित।, अभिगमन तिथि: 25 December 2020, Erol kan niet voor alle twee miljoen Turken in Nederland spreken, maar hij denkt dat Beatrix wel goed ligt bij veel van zijn landgenoten.
  19. ↑ Baker, Rauf (2021), The Netherlands: The EU's "New Britain"?, Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, Bar-Ilan University, The Netherlands, which has a total population of 17 million, contains around two million Turks,...
  20. ↑ "UK immigration analysis needed on Turkish legal migration, say MPs". The Guardian. 1 August 2011. अभिगमन तिथि: 1 August 2011.
  21. ↑ Federation of Turkish Associations UK (19 June 2008). "Short history of the Federation of Turkish Associations in UK". मूल से से 10 January 2012 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 13 April 2011.
  22. ↑ Warum die Türken? (PDF), vol. 78, Initiative Minderheiten, 2011, मूल से (PDF) से 18 January 2021 को पुरालेखित।, अभिगमन तिथि: 17 August 2021, Was sind die Gründe für dieses massive Unbehagen angesichts von rund 360.000 Menschen türkischer Herkunft?
  23. ↑ Mölzer, Andreas. "In Österreich leben geschätzte 500.000 Türken, aber kaum mehr als 10–12.000 Slowenen". मूल से से 25 December 2018 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 30 October 2020.
  24. ↑ Manço, Altay; Taş, Ertugrul (2019), "Migrations Matrimoniales: Facteurs de Risque en Sante´ Mentale", The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 64 (6), SAGE Publishing: 444, डीओआई:10.1177/0706743718802800, पीएमसी 6591757, पीएमआईडी 30380909
  25. ↑ Debels, Thierry [in डच] (2021), "Operatie Rebel: toen de Belgische heroïnehandel in Turkse handen was", PNWS, PMagazine, मूल से से 16 August 2021 को पुरालेखित।, अभिगमन तिथि: 16 August 2021, Volgens diverse bronnen zouden eerst een half miljoen Turken die toen in Belgie verbleven – Belgen van Turkse afkomst en aanverwanten – gescreend zijn.
  26. 1 2 Lennie, Soraya (2017). "Turkish diaspora in Australia vote in referendum". TRT World. p. 28. मूल से से 30 नवंबर 2024 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 14 November 2020. An estimated 200,000 Turks live in Australia with most of them based in Melbourne's northern suburbs.
  27. 1 2 3 4 Vahdettin, Levent; Aksoy, Seçil; Öz, Ulaş; Orhan, Kaan (2016), Three-dimensional cephalometric norms of Turkish Cypriots using CBCT images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program in vivo, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Recent estimates suggest that there are now 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey, 300,000 in the United Kingdom, 120,000 in Australia, 5000 in the United States, 2000 in Germany, 1800 in Canada, and 1600 in New Zealand with a smaller community in South Africa.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 Karcı, Durmuş (2018), "The Effects of Language Characters and Identity of Meskhetian Turkish in Kazakhstan", The Journal of Kesit Academy, 4 (13): 301–303
  29. 1 2 Sayıner, Arda (2018). "Swedish touch in Turkey". Daily Sabah. अभिगमन तिथि: 6 September 2021.
  30. 1 2 Laczko, Frank; Stacher, Irene; Klekowski von Koppenfels, Amanda (2002), New challenges for Migration Policy in Central and Eastern Europe, Cambridge University Press, p. 187, ISBN 978-90-6704-153-9
  31. 1 2 Widding, Lars. "Historik". KSF Prespa Birlik. मूल से से 20 जुलाई 2021 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 17 November 2020.
  32. ↑ Демоскоп Weekly. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации. मूल से से 21 May 2012 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 30 January 2012.
  33. ↑ Ryazantsev 2009, p. 172.
  34. ↑ Schweizer Nein könnte Europa-Skeptiker stärken, Der Tagesspiegel, 2009, अभिगमन तिथि: 26 May 2021, Dabei erwarten Vertreter der rund 120.000 Türken in der Schweiz nach dem Referendum keine gravierenden Änderungen in ihrem Alltag.
  35. ↑ Aytaç, Seyit Ahmet (2018), Shared issues, stronger ties: Canada's envoy to Turkey, Anadolu Agency, अभिगमन तिथि: 7 February 2021, Turkish diaspora of some 100,000 Turks largely in Toronto is growing, says Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter  ... We have a growing Turkish diaspora and they're doing very well in Canada. We think it's 100,000, largely in Toronto. We have several thousand Turkish students in Canada as well. {{citation}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 148 (help)
  36. ↑ "National statistics of Denmark". statistikbanken.dk. 11 August 2025. अभिगमन तिथि: 22 August 2025.
  37. ↑ Seçkin, Barış (2020), İtalya'daki Türk vatandaşları Kovid-19 nedeniyle kayıp vermedi, Anadolu Agency, अभिगमन तिथि: 6 September 2021, İtalya'da yaşayan 50 bin kadar Türk vatandaşının
  38. ↑ Norwegian-Turkish cooperation, The Royal House of Norway, 2013, अभिगमन तिथि: 6 September 2021
  39. ↑ State Statistics Service of Ukraine. "Ukrainian Census (2001):The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue". मूल से से 1 May 2008 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 16 January 2012.
  40. ↑ Asgabat. "Национальный и религиозный состав населения Туркменистана сегодня". मूल से से 24 June 2016 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 27 May 2016.
  41. ↑ Kütük, Zeki (2010), Finlandiya'da Yabancı Düşmanlığı, Sosyal Dışlanma ve Türk Diasporası, Türk Asya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, अभिगमन तिथि: 8 November 2020, Toplam sayılarının 10 000 civarında olduğu tahmin edilen Türklerin...
  42. ↑ Pawłowska-Salińska, Katarzyna (2013), Nie pytaj Turka o kebab i język arabski, Gazeta Wyborcza, अभिगमन तिथि: 3 November 2020, Turków jest w Polsce ok. 5 tys. – wynika z danych opracowanych przez Instytut Spraw Publicznych.
  43. 1 2 "How many Turks living in New Zealand?". Pearl of the Islands Foundation. मूल से से 13 May 2010 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 29 October 2008.
  44. ↑ Lacey, Jonathan (2007), "Exploring the Transnational Engagements of a Turkic Religio-Cultural Community in Ireland" (PDF), Translocations: The Irish Migration, Race and Social Transformation Review, 1 (2), मूल से (PDF) से 21 July 2011 को पुरालेखित।, अभिगमन तिथि: 6 September 2010
  45. ↑ "Imigrantes internacionais registrados no Brasil". www.nepo.unicamp.br. अभिगमन तिथि: 20 August 2021.
  46. ↑ "Imigrantes internacionais registrados no Brasil". अभिगमन तिथि: 7 July 2022.
  47. ↑ Bir masal ülkesinde yaşam öğretisi., Milliyet, 2009, अभिगमन तिथि: 6 September 2021, Bu küçücük ülkede yaşayan 1000 Türk'ten...
  48. ↑ Triana, María (2017), Managing Diversity in Organizations: A Global Perspective, Taylor & Francis, p. 168, ISBN 978-1-317-42368-3, Turkmen, Iraqi citizens of Turkish origin, are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds and they are said to number about 3 million of Iraq's 34.7 million citizens according to the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.
  49. ↑ Bassem, Wassim (2016). "Iraq's Turkmens call for independent province". Al-Monitor. मूल से से 17 October 2016 को पुरालेखित।. Turkmens are a mix of Sunnis and Shiites and are the third-largest ethnicity in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds, numbering about 3 million out of the total population of about 34.7 million, according to 2013 data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.
  50. ↑ Tastekin, Fehim (2018). "Why Iraqi Turkmens are excluded from the new government". Al-Monitor. मूल से से 12 September 2021 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 12 September 2021. Turkmens are said to be 10-13% of the overall Iraqi population [i.e. 4 to 5 million out of a total population of 40 million], but that ratio is not reflected in parliament.
  51. ↑ Taef, El-Azhari (2005). "The Turkmen Identity Crisis in the fifteenth-century Middle East: The Turkmen-Turkish Struggle for Supremacy" (PDF). Chronica. 5. 12 June 2018 को मूल से पुरालेखित (PDF). अभिगमन तिथि: 9 June 2018. The Turkmen were always the forgotten minority in the area despite their large population. In the absence of official records, their numbers cannot be calculated, but it is widely accepted that they exceed three millions in Iraq, and one million in Syria and other countries.
  52. ↑ Aikman, David (2014), The Mirage of Peace: Understand The Never-Ending Conflict in the Middle East, Baker Publishing Group, ISBN 9781441223555, There is also about 1.7 million Turks in Syria, and about 800,000 Druze,...
  53. ↑ Rashad, Sarah (2020). "Kouloughlis: Turkey's bridge to intervention in Libya". Centre d'Etudes Moyen-Orient (CEMO). अभिगमन तिथि: 19 August 2021.
  54. ↑ Scipione, Alessandro (2019), Libia, la mappa dei combattenti stranieri, Inside Over, अभिगमन तिथि: 26 September 2019, La Turchia peraltro può vantare in Livia una numerosa comunità dei "Koroglu" (i libici di discendenza turca) che conterrebbe ben 1,4 milioni di individui, concentrati soprattutto a Misurata, la "città-Stato" situata circa 180 chilometri a est di Tripoli: praticamente meno un libico su quattro in Libia ha origini turche.
  55. ↑ Gamal, Gamal, Did the Turks sweeten Egypt's kitty?, Al-Ahram Weekly, अभिगमन तिथि: 1 May 2018, Today, the number of ethnic Turks in Egypt varies considerably, with estimates ranging from 100,000 to 1,500,000. Most have intermingled in Egyptian society and are almost indistinguishable from non-Turkish Egyptians, even though a considerable number of Egyptians of Turkish origin are bilingual.
  56. 1 2 Al-Akhbar. "Lebanese Turks Seek Political and Social Recognition". Al Akhbar. मूल से से 20 June 2018 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2 March 2012. Erdogan's envoys were surprised to find out that Turks who immigrated 100 years ago today number nearly 80,000.
  57. 1 2 "Suriye Türkmenlerinin sorunlarına ilişkin gündem dışı konuşması". Grand National Assembly of Turkey. 2018. अभिगमन तिथि: 17 December 2020. Yaklaşık olarak 200 bin Türkmen'in Lübnan'da yaşadığı tahmin edilmektedir.
  58. ↑ Akar 1993, p. 95.
  59. ↑ Karpat 2004, p. 12.
  60. ↑ Yemen Raporu, Union of NGOs of The Islamic World, 2014, p. 26, Bu noktadan hareketle, bölgede yaklaşık 10 bin ila 100 bin arasında Türk asıllı vatandaş bulunduğu tahmin edilmektedir.
  61. ↑ Alaca, Mehmet (2019). "'Ürdün'de Kadim Türk Varlığı ve Akraba Topluluklar' raporu tanıtıldı". Anadolu Agency. अभिगमन तिथि: 6 September 2021.
  62. 1 2 सन्दर्भ त्रुटि: <ref> का गलत प्रयोग; Mayer2010 नाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है।
  63. ↑ "Turkey".
  64. ↑ "Religion & Islam in Turkey".
  65. ↑ "Sects and Meaning in the Contemporary Turkish Society Through the Eyes of Sect Members". मूल से से 2024-11-04 को पुरालेखित।.
  66. ↑ "Here's what you should know before attending a whirling dervish ceremony in Turkey - The Washington Post". The Washington Post. मूल से से 2019-04-12 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2025-05-28.
  67. ↑ Girit, Selin (10 May 2018). "Losing their religion: The young Turks rejecting Islam". BBC News. London. 6 December 2021 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 17 January 2022.
  68. ↑ McKernan, Bethan (29 April 2020). "Turkish students increasingly resisting religion, study suggests". The Guardian. London. आईएसएसएन 1756-3224. ओसीएलसी 60623878. 22 November 2021 को मूल से पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि: 17 January 2022.
  69. 1 2 Barthold (1962)""The book of my grandfather Korkut" ("Kitab-i dedem Korkut") is an outstanding monument of the medieval Oghuz heroic epic. Three modern Turkic-speaking peoples - Turkmens, Azerbaijanis and Turks - are ethnically and linguistically related to the medieval Oghuzes. For all these peoples, the epic legends deposited in the "Book of Korkut" represent an artistic reflection of their historical past."
  70. 1 2 Lee 2023, पृष्ठ 84: "The modern Turks of Anatolia, the Azeris, and the Turkmens of Iran and Central Asia owe their origins to the Oghuz"
  71. ↑ Lee 2023, पृष्ठ 3: "The modern Turkic-speaking peoples are a very diverse entity, who are widely spread out across the Eurasian continent between Yakutia (the Republic of Sakha) in the east and Anatolia (the Republic of Turkey or Türkiye) in the west. Scholars tend to classify all Turkic-speaking peoples broadly as 'Turks,' virtually using the name Turk as a synonym for a Turkic speaker. Modern historians also tend to view the Turks as a single, unbroken ethnolinguistic entity that originated from the Türks of the Türk Qaghanate and spread to the wider Eurasian world during the medieval era, before diverging into the various modern Turkic peoples"
  72. ↑ Freeman, Michael; Ellena, Katherine; Kator-Mubarez, Amina (2021), The Global Spread of Islamism and the Consequences for Terrorism, University of Nebraska Press, p. 83, ISBN 9781640124165, there are now around 300,000 Turkish Cypriots in the United Kingdom.
  73. ↑ Scott-Geddes, Arthur (2019), London's Turkish restaurants take a hit in uncertain times, The National, अभिगमन तिथि: 10 January 2021, Almost 90 per cent of the UK's Turkish population lives in London, including as many as 400,000 Turkish Cypriots concentrated in areas of north and north-east London including Hackney, Enfield and Haringey.
  74. ↑ Home Affairs Committee (1 August 2011). "Implications for the Justice and Home Affairs area of the accession of Turkey to the European Union" (PDF). The Stationery Office. p. Ev 34. अभिगमन तिथि: 11 April 2012.
  75. ↑ International Organization for Migration (2007). "Iraq: Mapping exercise" (PDF). London: International Organization for Migration. p. 5. मूल से (PDF) से 16 July 2011 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 3 July 2010.
  76. ↑ Avrupa'da Batı Trakya Batı Trakya Türkleri Gerçeği ve Avrupa Batı Trakya Türk Federasyonu, Avrupa Batı Trakya Türk Federasyonu, मूल से से 11 May 2021 को पुरालेखित।, अभिगमन तिथि: 8 May 2021, Avustralya ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Kanada gibi uzak ülkelerin dışında aralarında Hollanda, İngiltere, İsveç, Fransa, Belçika ve Avusturya gibi ülkelerde de sayısı yadsınamayacak bir Batı Trakyalı Türk kitlesi yaşamaktadır.
  77. ↑ Maeva, Mila (2008), "Modern Migration Waves of Bulgarian Turks", in Marushiakova, Elena (ed.), Dynamics of National Identity and Transnational Identities in the Process of European Integration, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 227–229, ISBN 9781847184719
  78. 1 2 3 Inglis, K. S. (2008), Sacred Places: War Memorials in the Australian Landscape, The Miegunyah Press, p. 108, ISBN 978-0-522-85479-4
  79. ↑ Crowe, David (2015). "First Syrian refugees here for Christmas: Tony Abbott". The Australian. अभिगमन तिथि: 15 July 2018.
  80. ↑ Helton, Arthur C. (1998). "Chapter Two: Contemporary Conditions and Dilemmas". Meskhetian Turks: Solutions and Human Security. Open Society Institute. मूल से से 15 April 2007 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 17 January 2012. An estimated 20,000 to 25,000 Meskhetian Turks settled in Azerbaijan between 1958 and 1962. The inflow continued over the years, although pinpointing precise numbers is difficult because many were officially registered as Azerbaijani. Vatan leaders in Azerbaijan asserted that close to 40,000 Meskhetian Turks were living in the republic in 1989, the time of the last Soviet census. Those numbers were then augmented by the more than 45,000 who arrived in Azerbaijan to escape the Uzbekistan troubles. Up to 5,000 more have come to Azerbaijan from Russia during the 1990s, according to some estimates.
  81. ↑ UNHCR (1999), Background Paper on Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Azerbaijan (PDF), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, p. 14
  82. ↑ Khazanov, Anatoly Michailovich (1995), After the USSR: Ethnicity, Nationalism and Politics in the Commonwealth of Independent States, University of Wisconsin Press, p. 202, ISBN 978-0-299-14894-2, Because of the high birthrates their number is constantly increasing and, according to sources, has already reached 400,000. ... It is true that the last Soviet census of 1989 gives a lower figure – 207,369; however, one should take into account that far from all Meskhetian Turks have been registered as such. For years many were even denied the right to register their nationality in legal documents. Thus, by 1988 in Kazakhstan, only one third of them were recorded as Turks on their passports. The rest had been arbitrarily declared members of other ethnic groups.
  83. 1 2 Aydıngün et al. 2006: This figure, however, does not reflect the real population of Meskhetian Turks, because Soviet authorities recorded many of them as belonging to other nationalities such as Azeri, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uzbek."
  84. ↑ सन्दर्भ त्रुटि: <ref> का गलत प्रयोग; Khalifa2013 नाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है।
  85. ↑ Piccinin, Pierre [in फ़्रेंच] (2011), Après avoir été sur le terrain, La Libre Belgique, Les Turcomans pratiquant exclusivement leur dialecte turc sont 1 500 000. L'ensemble des Turcomans de Syrie (y compris ceux qui ont adopté l'arabe comme langue usuelle), sont estimés entre 3,5 et 6 millions, soit de 15 à 20 % de la population. C'est le troisième groupe de population en importance.
  86. ↑ Ahmida, Ali Abdullatif (2011), The Making of Modern Libya: State Formation, Colonization, and Resistance, Second Edition, State University of New York, p. 44, ISBN 9781438428932, The majority of the population came from Turkish, Arab Berber, or black backgrounds, in addition to the religious minorities... Some inhabitants, like the Cologhli, were descendants of the old Turkish ruling class...
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