यंग गुणांक
मुक्त ज्ञानकोष विकिपीडिया से
यांत्रिकी के सन्दर्भ में यंग गुणांक या यंग मापांक (Young's modulus), किसी समांग प्रत्यास्थ पदार्थ की प्रत्यास्थता का मापक है। यह एकअक्षीय प्रतिबल एवं विकृति के अनुपात के रूप में परिभाषित है। कभी-कभी गलती से इसे प्रत्यास्थता गुणांक ( modulus of elasticity) भी कह दिया जाता है क्योंकि सभी प्रत्यास्थता गुणांकों में यंग गुणांक ही सबसे प्रचलितेवं सबसे अधिक प्रयुक्त मापांक है। इसके अतिरिक्त दो और 'प्रत्यास्थता' गुणांक हैं - आयतन प्रत्यास्थता गुणांक एवं अपरूपता प्रत्यास्थता गुणांक ।
अनुक्रम |
[संपादित करें] यंग मापांक के लगभग (Approximate) मान
| पदार्थ | जिगा पास्कल (GPa) | psi |
|---|---|---|
| रबर (small strain) | 0.01-0.1 | 1,500-15,000 |
| पीटीएफई (Teflon)[कृपया उद्धरण जोड़ें] | 0.5 | 75,000 |
| Low density polyethylene[कृपया उद्धरण जोड़ें] | 0.2 | 30,000 |
| HDPE | 0.8 | |
| Polypropylene | 1.5-2 | 217,000-290,000 |
| Bacteriophage capsids[2] | 1-3 | 150,000-435,000 |
| Polyethylene terephthalate | 2-2.7 | |
| Polystyrene | 3-3.5 | 435,000-505,000 |
| Nylon | 2-4 | 290,000-580,000 |
| Diatom frustules (largely silicic acid)[3] | 0.35-2.77 | 50,000-400,000 |
| Medium-density fiberboard[4] | 4 | 580,000 |
| Pine wood (along grain)[कृपया उद्धरण जोड़ें] | 8.963 | 1,300,000 |
| Oak wood (along grain) | 11 | 1,600,000 |
| High-strength concrete (under compression) | 30 | 4,350,000 |
| Hemp fiber [5] | 35 | |
| Magnesium metal (Mg) | 45 | 6,500,000 |
| Flax fiber [6] | 58 | |
| Aluminium | 69 | 10,000,000 |
| Stinging nettle fiber [7] | 87 | |
| Glass (see chart) | 50-90 | |
| Kevlar[8] | 70.5-112.4 | |
| Mother-of-pearl (nacre, largely calcium carbonate) [9] | 70 | 10,000,000 |
| Tooth enamel (largely calcium phosphate)[10] | 83 | 12,000,000 |
| Brass and bronze | 100-125 | 17,000,000 |
| Titanium (Ti) | 16,000,000 | |
| Titanium alloys | 105-120 | 15,000,000-17,500,000 |
| Copper (Cu) | 117 | 17,000,000 |
| Glass-reinforced plastic (70/30 by weight fibre/matrix, unidirectional, along grain)[कृपया उद्धरण जोड़ें] | 40-45 | 5,800,000-6,500,000 |
| Glass-reinforced polyester matrix [11] | 17.2 | 2,500,000 |
| Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (50/50 fibre/matrix, unidirectional, along grain)[कृपया उद्धरण जोड़ें] | 125-150 | 18,000,000-22,000,000 |
| Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (70/30 fibre/matrix, unidirectional, along grain)[12] | 181 | 26,300,000 |
| Silicon[13] | 185 | |
| Wrought iron | 190–210 | |
| Steel | 200 | 29,000,000 |
| polycrystalline Yttrium iron garnet (YIG)[14] | 193 | 28,000,000 |
| single-crystal Yttrium iron garnet (YIG)[15] | 200 | 30,000,000 |
| Beryllium (Be) | 287 | 42,000,000 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 329 | |
| Tungsten (W) | 400-410 | 58,000,000-59,500,000 |
| Sapphire (Al2O3) along C-axis[कृपया उद्धरण जोड़ें] | 435 | 63,000,000 |
| Silicon carbide (SiC) | 450 | 65,000,000 |
| Osmium (Os) | 550 | 79,800,000 |
| Tungsten carbide (WC) | 450-650 | 65,000,000-94,000,000 |
| Single-walled carbon nanotube[16] | 1,000+ | 145,000,000+ |
| Diamond (C)[17] | 1220 | 150,000,000-175,000,000 |
[संपादित करें] इन्हें भी देखें
[संपादित करें] बाहरी कड़ियाँ
- Matweb: free database of engineering properties for over 63,000 materials
- Young's Modulus for groups of materials, and their cost
[संपादित करें] संदर्भ
- ↑ http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/young-modulus-d_417.html
- ↑ Ivanovska IL, de Pablo PJ, Sgalari G, MacKintosh FC, Carrascosa JL, Schmidt CF, Wuite GJL (2004). "Bacteriophage capsids: Tough nanoshells with complex elastic properties". Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 101 (20): 7600–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0308198101. PMC 419652. PMID 15133147.
- ↑ Subhash G, Yao S, Bellinger B, Gretz MR. (2005). "Investigation of mechanical properties of diatom frustules using nanoindentation". J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 5 (1): 50–6. doi:10.1166/jnn.2005.006. PMID 15762160.
- ↑ Material Properties Data: Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
- ↑ Nabi Saheb, D.; Jog, JP. (1999). "Natural fibre polymer composites: a review". Advances in Polymer Technology 18 (4): 351–363. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2329(199924)18:4<351::AID-ADV6>3.0.CO;2-X..
- ↑ Bodros, E. (2002). "Analysis of the flax fibres tensile behaviour and analysis of the tensile stiffness increase". Composite Part A 33 (7): 939–948. doi:10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00040-4..
- ↑ Bodros, E.; Baley, C. (15 May 2008). "Study of the tensile properties of stinging nettle fibres (Urtica dioica)". Materials Letters 62 (14): 2143–2145. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2007.11.034..
- ↑ DuPont (2001). Kevlar Technical Guide. p. 9.
- ↑ A. P. Jackson,J. F. V. Vincent and R. M. Turner (1988). "The Mechanical Design of Nacre". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 234: 415–440. doi:10.1098/rspb.1988.0056. http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/234/1277/415.abstract.
- ↑ M. Staines, W. H. Robinson and J. A. A. Hood (1981). "Spherical indentation of tooth enamel". Journal of Materials Science. http://www.springerlink.com/content/w125706571032231/.
- ↑ http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=polyester_matrix_composite_reinforced_by_glass_fibers_fiberglass
- ↑ http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=epoxy_matrix_composite_reinforced_by_70_carbon_fibers
- ↑ http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Si
- ↑ Chou, H. M.; Case, E. D. (November, 1988). "Characterization of some mechanical properties of polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet (YIG) by non-destructive methods". Journal of Materials Science Letters 7 (11): 1217–1220. doi:10.1007/BF00722341..
- ↑ http://www.isowave.com/pdf/materials/Yttrium_Iron_Garnet.pdf YIG properties
- ↑ "Electronic and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes". http://ipn2.epfl.ch/CHBU/papers/ourpapers/Forro_NT99.pdf.
- ↑ Spear and Dismukes (1994). Synthetic Diamond - Emerging CVD Science and Technology. Wiley, NY. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 9780471535898.
