"आपेक्षिक विद्युतशीलता": अवतरणों में अंतर
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अनुनाद सिंह (वार्ता | योगदान) नया पृष्ठ: {{आधार}} किसी पदार्थ की विद्युतशीलता तथा निर्वात की विद्युतशी... |
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{{आधार}} |
{{आधार}} |
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किसी पदार्थ की [[विद्युतशीलता]] तथा [[निर्वात]] की विद्युतशीलता के अनुपात को उस पदार्थ की '''आपेक्षिक विद्युतशीलता''' (relative permittivity) कहते हैं। पहले इसे 'परावैद्युतांक' (dielectric constant) कहते थे किन्तु अब मानक संस्थाओं ने यह शब्द त्याग दिया है। |
किसी पदार्थ की [[विद्युतशीलता]] तथा [[निर्वात]] की विद्युतशीलता के अनुपात को उस पदार्थ की '''आपेक्षिक विद्युतशीलता''' (relative permittivity) कहते हैं। पहले इसे 'परावैद्युतांक' (dielectric constant) कहते थे किन्तु अब मानक संस्थाओं ने यह शब्द त्याग दिया है। |
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|+ सामान्य ताप पर कुछ पदार्थों की आपेक्षिक विद्युतशीलता |
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| '''पदार्थ''' || '''ε<sub>r</sub>''' |
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| [[निर्वात]] || 1 (by definition) |
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| [[वायु]] || {{val|1.00058986}} ± {{val|0.00000050}} <br>(at [[Standard conditions for temperature and pressure|STP]], for 0.9 MHz),<ref>{{cite book|author=L. G. Hector and H. L. Schultz|year=1936|title= The Dielectric Constant of Air at Radiofrequencies|journal=Physics|volume=7|issue=4|pages=133–136|doi=10.1063/1.1745374}}</ref> |
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| [[PTFE]]/Teflon || 2.1 |
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| [[Polyethylene]] || 2.25 |
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| [[Polyimide]] || 3.4 |
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| [[Polypropylene]] || 2.2–2.36 |
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| [[Polystyrene]] || 2.4–2.7 |
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| [[Carbon disulfide]] || 2.6 |
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| [[Mylar]] || 3.1<ref name="YoungFreedman2012">Hugh D. Young; Roger A. Freedman. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=1YXznQEACAAJ University Physics with Modern Physics]''. Addison-Wesley; 2012. ISBN 978-0-321-69686-1. p. 801.</ref> |
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| [[Paper]] || 3.85 |
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| [[Electroactive polymers]] || 2–12 |
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| [[अभ्रक]] || 3-6<ref name="YoungFreedman2012"/> |
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| [[Silicon dioxide]] || 3.9 <ref name=Gray&Meyer> |
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{{cite book |
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|author=Paul R. Gray, Paul J. Hurst, Stephen H. Lewis, Robert G. Meyer |
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|title=Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits |
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|edition=Fifth |
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|publisher= Wiley |
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|location=New York |
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|year=2009 |
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|isbn=978-0-470-24599-6 |
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|page=40}} |
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</ref> |
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| [[Sapphire]] || 8.9–11.1 (anisotropic) <ref name=Harman> |
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{{cite journal|doi=10.1063/1.357922|title=Optical constants of sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) single crystals|year=1994|last1=Harman|first1=Alang Kasim|last2=Ninomiya|first2=Susumu|last3=Adachi|first3=Sadao|journal=Journal of Applied Physics|volume=76|pages=8032–8036|bibcode=1994JAP....76.8032H}}</ref> |
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| [[Concrete]] || 4.5 |
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| [[Pyrex]] ([[Glass]]) || 4.7 (3.7–10) |
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| [[Neoprene]] || 6.7<ref name="YoungFreedman2012"/> |
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| [[Rubber]] || 7 |
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| [[Diamond]] || 5.5–10 |
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| [[Salt]] || 3–15 |
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| [[Graphite]] || 10–15 |
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| [[Silicon]] || 11.68 |
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| [[Ammonia]] || 26, 22, 20, 17<br>(−80, −40, 0, 20 °C) |
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| [[Methanol]] || 30 |
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| [[Ethylene glycol]] || 37 |
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| [[Furfural]] || 42.0 |
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| [[Glycerol]] || 41.2, 47, 42.5<br>(0, 20, 25 °C) |
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| [[जल]] || 88, 80.1, 55.3, 34.5<br>(0, 20, 100, 200 °C)<br> for visible light: 1.77 |
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| [[Hydrofluoric acid]] || 83.6 (0 °C) |
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| [[Formamide]] || 84.0 (20 °C) |
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| [[Sulfuric acid]] || 84–100<br>(20–25 °C) |
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| [[Hydrogen peroxide]] || 128 [[aqueous|aq]]–60<br>(−30–25 °C) |
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| [[Hydrocyanic acid]] || 158.0–2.3<br>(0–21 °C) |
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| [[Titanium dioxide]] || 86–173 |
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| [[Strontium titanate]] || 310 |
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| [[Barium]] [[strontium titanate]] || 500 |
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| [[Barium titanate]]<ref>http://schools.matter.org.uk/SchoolsGlossary/permittivity.html</ref> || 1200–10,000<br>(20–120 °C) |
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| [[Lead zirconium titanate]] || 500–6000 |
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| [[conjugated system|Conjugated polymers]] || 1.8–6 up to 100,000<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF02659632|title=Giant polarization in high polymers|year=1986|last1=Pohl|first1=Herbert A.|journal=Journal of Electronic Materials|volume=15|page=201|bibcode = 1986JEMat..15..201P }}</ref> |
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| [[Calcium copper titanate]] || >250,000<ref>http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/698/1/boulos_698.pdf</ref> |
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==सन्दर्भ== |
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{{टिप्पणीसूची}} |
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[[श्रेणी:विद्युतचुम्बकत्व]] |
[[श्रेणी:विद्युतचुम्बकत्व]] |
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11:54, 10 मार्च 2015 का अवतरण
 | यह लेख एक आधार है। जानकारी जोड़कर इसे बढ़ाने में विकिपीडिया की मदद करें। |
किसी पदार्थ की विद्युतशीलता तथा निर्वात की विद्युतशीलता के अनुपात को उस पदार्थ की आपेक्षिक विद्युतशीलता (relative permittivity) कहते हैं। पहले इसे 'परावैद्युतांक' (dielectric constant) कहते थे किन्तु अब मानक संस्थाओं ने यह शब्द त्याग दिया है।
| पदार्थ | εr |
| निर्वात | 1 (by definition) |
| वायु | 1.00058986 ± 0.0000005 (at STP, for 0.9 MHz),[1] |
| PTFE/Teflon | 2.1 |
| Polyethylene | 2.25 |
| Polyimide | 3.4 |
| Polypropylene | 2.2–2.36 |
| Polystyrene | 2.4–2.7 |
| Carbon disulfide | 2.6 |
| Mylar | 3.1[2] |
| Paper | 3.85 |
| Electroactive polymers | 2–12 |
| अभ्रक | 3-6[2] |
| Silicon dioxide | 3.9 [3] |
| Sapphire | 8.9–11.1 (anisotropic) [4] |
| Concrete | 4.5 |
| Pyrex (Glass) | 4.7 (3.7–10) |
| Neoprene | 6.7[2] |
| Rubber | 7 |
| Diamond | 5.5–10 |
| Salt | 3–15 |
| Graphite | 10–15 |
| Silicon | 11.68 |
| Ammonia | 26, 22, 20, 17 (−80, −40, 0, 20 °C) |
| Methanol | 30 |
| Ethylene glycol | 37 |
| Furfural | 42.0 |
| Glycerol | 41.2, 47, 42.5 (0, 20, 25 °C) |
| जल | 88, 80.1, 55.3, 34.5 (0, 20, 100, 200 °C) for visible light: 1.77 |
| Hydrofluoric acid | 83.6 (0 °C) |
| Formamide | 84.0 (20 °C) |
| Sulfuric acid | 84–100 (20–25 °C) |
| Hydrogen peroxide | 128 aq–60 (−30–25 °C) |
| Hydrocyanic acid | 158.0–2.3 (0–21 °C) |
| Titanium dioxide | 86–173 |
| Strontium titanate | 310 |
| Barium strontium titanate | 500 |
| Barium titanate[5] | 1200–10,000 (20–120 °C) |
| Lead zirconium titanate | 500–6000 |
| Conjugated polymers | 1.8–6 up to 100,000[6] |
| Calcium copper titanate | >250,000[7] |
सन्दर्भ
- ↑ L. G. Hector and H. L. Schultz (1936). The Dielectric Constant of Air at Radiofrequencies. Physics. 7. पपृ॰ 133–136. डीओआइ:10.1063/1.1745374.
- ↑ अ आ इ Hugh D. Young; Roger A. Freedman. University Physics with Modern Physics. Addison-Wesley; 2012. ISBN 978-0-321-69686-1. p. 801.
- ↑ Paul R. Gray, Paul J. Hurst, Stephen H. Lewis, Robert G. Meyer (2009). Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits (Fifth संस्करण). New York: Wiley. पृ॰ 40. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-0-470-24599-6.सीएस1 रखरखाव: एक से अधिक नाम: authors list (link)
- ↑ Harman, Alang Kasim; Ninomiya, Susumu; Adachi, Sadao (1994). "Optical constants of sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) single crystals". Journal of Applied Physics. 76: 8032–8036. डीओआइ:10.1063/1.357922. बिबकोड:1994JAP....76.8032H.
- ↑ http://schools.matter.org.uk/SchoolsGlossary/permittivity.html
- ↑ Pohl, Herbert A. (1986). "Giant polarization in high polymers". Journal of Electronic Materials. 15: 201. डीओआइ:10.1007/BF02659632. बिबकोड:1986JEMat..15..201P.
- ↑ http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/698/1/boulos_698.pdf