↑Persian consonants can be geminated, especially in words from Arabic. This is represented in IPA by doubling the consonant: [sejjed].
↑ अआThe Persian alveolar stops /t/ and /d/ are either apico-alveolar or apico-dental. The unvoiced stops /p,t,tʃ,k/ are aspirated much like their English counterparts: they become aspirated when they begin a syllable, though aspiration is not contrastive. Farsi does not have syllable-initial consonant clusters, so unlike in English, /p,t/ are aspirated even following /s/, as in /hastam/ "I am".
↑In Classical Persian, غ and ق denoted [ɣ] and [q], respectively. In modern Tehrani Persian (which is used in the Iranian mass media), there is no difference in the pronunciation of غ and ق; both represent [ɣ] or [ɢ], which are in complementary distribution depending on their position in the word. When /ɣ/ occurs at the beginning of a word, it is realized as a voiced uvular plosive[ɢ]. However, the classic pronunciation difference for غ and ق is preserved in the eastern variants of Persian (i.e. Dari and Tajiki), as well as the southern dialects of the modern Iranian variety (e.g. Yazdi and Kermani dialects).
↑One syllable in each word (or breath group) is stressed; stress falls on the last stem syllable of most words. For the various exception and other clarifications, see Persian phonology#Stress
↑Diachronically, Persian possessed a distinction of length in its underlying vowel inventory, contrasting the long vowels /iː/, /uː/, /ɒː/ with the short vowels /e/, /o/, /æ/ respectively.
↑ अआइIn the modern Persian script, the "short" vowels /æ/, /e/, /o/ are usually not written; only the long vowels /ɒː/, /iː/, /uː/ are represented in the text. This, of course, creates certain ambiguities. Consider the following: kerm "worm", karam "generosity", kerem "cream", and krom "chrome" are all spelled ‹کرم› k-r-m in Persian. The reader must determine the word from context. The Arabic system of vocalization marks known as harakat is also used to indicate the Persian short vowels, though some of the symbols have different pronunciations. For example, an Arabic damma is pronounced [ʊ], while in Iranian Persian it is pronounced [o]. This system is not used in mainstream Persian literature; it is primarily used for teaching and in some (but not all) dictionaries.
↑ अआWord-final /æ/ is very rare in Iranian Persian, except for /næ/ "no." The word-final /æ/ in Early New Persian mostly shifted to /e/ in contemporary Iranian Persian (often romanized as ‹eh›), but is preserved in the Eastern dialects.
↑Word-final /o/ is rare except for /to/ "you (singular)".
