"अफ़ीम": अवतरणों में अंतर
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Harsh Sarraf (वार्ता | योगदान) No edit summary टैग: मोबाइल संपादन मोबाइल वेब संपादन |
Rescuing 18 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.1 |
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== बाहरी कड़ियाँ == |
== बाहरी कड़ियाँ == |
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* [http://tdil.mit.gov.in/CoilNet/IGNCA/rj196.htm मारवाड़ में अफ़ीम सेवन की प्रथा] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170720034434/http://tdil.mit.gov.in/CoilNet/IGNCA/rj196.htm मारवाड़ में अफ़ीम सेवन की प्रथा] |
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* [http://www.nisd.gov.in/hindi/ राष्ट्रीय समाज रक्षा संस्थान भारत] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100301093420/http://www.nisd.gov.in/hindi/ राष्ट्रीय समाज रक्षा संस्थान भारत] |
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* [http://cbn.nic.in/ केन्द्रीय मादक द्रव्य (नार्कोटिक्स) ब्यूरो] |
* [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131211054832/http://cbn.nic.in/ केन्द्रीय मादक द्रव्य (नार्कोटिक्स) ब्यूरो] |
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* [http://www.drugabuse.gov/ |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120106211011/http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugpages/heroin.html National Institute on Drug Abuse]: Heroin and related topics |
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* [http://www.drugfreeinfo.org/theroin.html Iowa Substance Abuse Information Center]: Heroin and other opiates |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120521020445/http://www.drugfreeinfo.org/theroin.html Iowa Substance Abuse Information Center]: Heroin and other opiates |
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* [http://www.dea.gov/concern/concern.htm DEA drug information]: Opium, morphine, and heroin |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929165608/http://www.dea.gov/concern/concern.htm DEA drug information]: Opium, morphine, and heroin |
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* [http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/drugs/afghan-opium-survey.html UNODC - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime - Afghan Opium Survey 2009] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170916182333/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/drugs/afghan-opium-survey.html UNODC - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime - Afghan Opium Survey 2009] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170916173055/https://erowid.org/chemicals/opiates/opiates.shtml Erowid]: Opiates / Opioids |
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* [http://www.goldentrianglepark.org/ Hall of Opium] Virtual museum (Macromedia Flash presentation) |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170916142024/http://www.goldentrianglepark.org/ Hall of Opium] Virtual museum (Macromedia Flash presentation) |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170926130140/http://opiummuseum.com/ Opium Museum]: Opium paraphernalia and historical photos of opium smokers |
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* [https://archive.is/20121210192636/www.newyorker.com/online/2007/07/09/slideshow_070709_anderson The New Yorker Magazine]: photos of Opium production and eradication in Afghanistan |
* [https://archive.is/20121210192636/www.newyorker.com/online/2007/07/09/slideshow_070709_anderson The New Yorker Magazine]: photos of Opium production and eradication in Afghanistan |
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* [http://www.wesjones.com/pollan1.htm ''Opium Made Easy''] by Michael Pollan (originally appeared in ''[[Harper's Magazine|Harper's]]''.) |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170912135853/http://www.wesjones.com/pollan1.htm ''Opium Made Easy''] by Michael Pollan (originally appeared in ''[[Harper's Magazine|Harper's]]''.) |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090322021039/http://tucsonweekly.com/gbase/currents/Content?oid=oid:67441 Confessions of a Poppy Tea addict] |
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* [http://www.geopium.org/ Geopium]: Opium politics, geography, and photos (site mostly in {{fr icon}}) |
* [https://www.webcitation.org/60r2dD5tQ?url=http://www.geopium.org/ Geopium]: Opium politics, geography, and photos (site mostly in {{fr icon}}) |
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* [http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/political_science/opiumprod.html Opium in India] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702212733/http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/political_science/opiumprod.html Opium in India] |
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* [http://www.cia.gov/library/publications//heroin/flowers_to_heroin.htm From Flowers to Heroin], CIA publication |
* [http://www.cia.gov/library/publications//heroin/flowers_to_heroin.htm From Flowers to Heroin], CIA publication |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170823180301/https://www.opioids.com/ BLTC Research]: Speculations on the future of opioids |
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* [http://www.thailex.info/THAILEX/THAILEXENG/lexicon/opiumgebruik.htm Thailex photo:] Traditional method of using opium in Thailand |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180613082633/http://www.thailex.info/THAILEX/THAILEXENG/lexicon/opiumgebruik.htm Thailex photo:] Traditional method of using opium in Thailand |
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* [http://www.aaronhuey.com Aaron Huey, photographer]: Photo Essay on Poppy Eradication in Afghanistan |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190904171413/http://www.aaronhuey.com/ Aaron Huey, photographer]: Photo Essay on Poppy Eradication in Afghanistan |
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* [http://www.israel21c.org/bin/en.jsp?enDispWho=Articles^l2135&enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enVersion=0&enZone=Health Israel's Dr. Wash claims to cure opiate addiction in 36 hours] |
* [http://www.israel21c.org/bin/en.jsp?enDispWho=Articles^l2135&enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enVersion=0&enZone=Health Israel's Dr. Wash claims to cure opiate addiction in 36 hours]{{Dead link|date=जून 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} |
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* [http://shezaf.net/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5:opium&catid=42:world-report&Itemid=118 Tsur Shezaf, Witer, The Opium Growers of Sinai] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091120163552/http://shezaf.net/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5:opium&catid=42:world-report&Itemid=118 Tsur Shezaf, Witer, The Opium Growers of Sinai] |
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[[श्रेणी:औषधीय पौधे|अफीम]] |
[[श्रेणी:औषधीय पौधे|अफीम]] |
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00:22, 16 जून 2020 का अवतरण
 | इस लेख में सन्दर्भ या स्रोत नहीं दिया गया है। कृपया विश्वसनीय सन्दर्भ या स्रोत जोड़कर इस लेख में सुधार करें। स्रोतहीन सामग्री ज्ञानकोश के उपयुक्त नहीं है। इसे हटाया जा सकता है। (सितंबर 2014) स्रोत खोजें: "अफ़ीम" – समाचार · अखबार पुरालेख · किताबें · विद्वान · जेस्टोर (JSTOR) |
अफ़ीम (Opium ; वैज्ञानिक नाम : lachryma papaveris) अफ़ीम के पौधे पैपेवर सोमनिफेरम के 'दूध' (latex) को सुखा कर बनाया गया पदार्थ है, जिसके सेवन से मादकता आती है। इसका सेवन करने वाले को अन्य बातों के अलावा तेज नींद आती है। अफीम में १२% तक मार्फीन (morphine) पायी जाती है जिसको प्रसंस्कृत (प्रॉसेस) करके हैरोइन (heroin) नामक मादक द्रब्य (ड्रग) तैयार किया जाता है। अफीम का दूध निकालने के लिये उसके कच्चे, अपक्व 'फल' में एक चीरा लगाया जाता है; इसका दूध निकलने लगता है, जो निकल कर सूख जाता है। यही दूध सूख कर गाढ़ा होने पर अफ़ीम कहलाता है। यह लसीला (sticky) होता है।
इन्हें भी देखें
बाहरी कड़ियाँ
- मारवाड़ में अफ़ीम सेवन की प्रथा
- राष्ट्रीय समाज रक्षा संस्थान भारत
- केन्द्रीय मादक द्रव्य (नार्कोटिक्स) ब्यूरो
- National Institute on Drug Abuse: Heroin and related topics
- Iowa Substance Abuse Information Center: Heroin and other opiates
- DEA drug information: Opium, morphine, and heroin
- UNODC - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime - Afghan Opium Survey 2009
- Erowid: Opiates / Opioids
- Hall of Opium Virtual museum (Macromedia Flash presentation)
- Opium Museum: Opium paraphernalia and historical photos of opium smokers
- The New Yorker Magazine: photos of Opium production and eradication in Afghanistan
- Opium Made Easy by Michael Pollan (originally appeared in Harper's.)
- Confessions of a Poppy Tea addict
- Geopium: Opium politics, geography, and photos (site mostly in (फ्रेंच))
- Opium in India
- From Flowers to Heroin, CIA publication
- BLTC Research: Speculations on the future of opioids
- Thailex photo: Traditional method of using opium in Thailand
- Aaron Huey, photographer: Photo Essay on Poppy Eradication in Afghanistan
- Israel's Dr. Wash claims to cure opiate addiction in 36 hours[मृत कड़ियाँ]
- Tsur Shezaf, Witer, The Opium Growers of Sinai