"भारतीय हाथी": अवतरणों में अंतर
अनुवाद अपूर्ण |
अनुवाद अपूर्ण |
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[[Image:Thrippunithura-Elephant4 crop.jpg|right|thumb|An elephant named ''Sri Hari'' during [[Sree Poornathrayesa temple]] festival, [[Thrippunithura]].]] |
[[Image:Thrippunithura-Elephant4 crop.jpg|right|thumb|An elephant named ''Sri Hari'' during [[Sree Poornathrayesa temple]] festival, [[Thrippunithura]].]] |
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[[Image:cage06.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The elephant namely Soman at the elephant training centre, [[Konni]], [[Pathanamthitta]]]] |
[[Image:cage06.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The elephant namely Soman at the elephant training centre, [[Konni]], [[Pathanamthitta]]]] |
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'''भारतीय हाथी''', ''एलिफ़ास मैक्सिमस इंडिकस'' [[एशियाई हाथी]] की चार [[उपप्रजाति|उपप्रजातियों]] में से एक है। यह अधिकतम मात्रा में [[भारत]] में मिलता है। यह उपप्रजाति [[बांग्लादेश]], [[पाकिस्तान ]],[[भूटान]], [[कंबोडिया]], [[चीन]], [[लाओस]], [[मलेशियाई प्रायद्वीप]], [[बर्मा|बर्मा/म्यांमार]], [[नेपाल]], [[थाईलैंड]] और [[वियतनाम]] में भी पाया जाता है। |
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The '''Indian Elephant''', ''Elephas maximus indicus'', is one of four [[subspecies]] of the [[Asian Elephant]], the largest population of which is found in [[India]]. This subspecies is also found in [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan ]],[[Bhutan]], [[Cambodia]], [[China]], [[Laos]], [[Peninsular Malaysia]], [[Myanmar|Burma/Myanmar]], [[Nepal]], [[Thailand]] and [[Vietnam]]. |
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एशियाई हाथी की तीन अन्य उपप्रजातियाँ हैं [[सुमात्राई हाथी]] (''ए.मै. सुमात्रानुस''), [[श्रीलंकाई हाथी]] (''ए.मै. मैक्सिमस'')<ref>[http://www.honoluluzoo.org/indian_elephant.htm होनोलुलु चिड़ियाघर भारतीय हाथी]</ref> और [[बोर्नियो का हाथी]] (''ए.मै. बोर्निएंसिस'')। |
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== रिहायिश == |
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Indian Elephants live in or near scrub-forested areas, although their habitat may vary. They tend to be nomadic in nature and do not stay in one place for more than a few days. They can live in jungles but gravitate towards areas that contain open space and grass. |
Indian Elephants live in or near scrub-forested areas, although their habitat may vary. They tend to be nomadic in nature and do not stay in one place for more than a few days. They can live in jungles but gravitate towards areas that contain open space and grass. |
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== भौतिक विशेषताएँ == |
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== Physical characteristics == |
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'''Size''' |
'''Size''' |
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| पंक्ति 33: | पंक्ति 33: | ||
Since Indian Elephants are a subspecies of the Asian Elephants, there are not much differences. Indian elephants have small ears unlike the African elephant, and has a broad [[skull]]. Females have no [[tusks]]. Males are larger than females. The trunk is larger in size than the African elephant. Toes are large and broad. The feet nails are not much large. Unlike their African neighbours, their [[abdomen]] is proportionate with their body weight but the African elephant has a large [[abdomen]] as compared to the skull. |
Since Indian Elephants are a subspecies of the Asian Elephants, there are not much differences. Indian elephants have small ears unlike the African elephant, and has a broad [[skull]]. Females have no [[tusks]]. Males are larger than females. The trunk is larger in size than the African elephant. Toes are large and broad. The feet nails are not much large. Unlike their African neighbours, their [[abdomen]] is proportionate with their body weight but the African elephant has a large [[abdomen]] as compared to the skull. |
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== जनसंख्या व लुप्तप्रायता == |
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== Population & endangerment == |
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The WWF considers the Indian Elephant widely distributed, but endangered. The current population of the Indian Elephant is in the range of 20,000-25,000<ref>[http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/species/about_species/species_factsheets/elephants/asian_elephants/indian_elephant/index.cfm WWF - Indian elephant<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. The Indian Elephant was assessed as an endangered species in 1996 by the Asian Elephant Specialist Group. <ref>[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/7140/all 2007 IUCN Red List – Search<!-- Bot generafyryururyurtytyuted title -->]</ref> Indian Elephants are threatened by poaching for the ivory of their tusks, by the loss of habitat due to human pressure on forested areas and due to human conflict. The isolated populations of wild elephants in individual wildlife sanctuaries are also threatened by loss of genetic diversity. Recently a number of corridors connecting wildlife sanctuaries have been established to encourage the migration of wild elephants.<ref>[http://www.india-wildlife-tours.com/wild-animals-in-india/indian-wildlife-indian-elephant.html Indian Elephant,Asian Elephant,Elephant in India,Asian Elephant India,Information on Indian Elephant,Endangered Animals in India,Asian Elephant Tours<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
The WWF considers the Indian Elephant widely distributed, but endangered. The current population of the Indian Elephant is in the range of 20,000-25,000<ref>[http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/species/about_species/species_factsheets/elephants/asian_elephants/indian_elephant/index.cfm WWF - Indian elephant<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. The Indian Elephant was assessed as an endangered species in 1996 by the Asian Elephant Specialist Group. <ref>[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/7140/all 2007 IUCN Red List – Search<!-- Bot generafyryururyurtytyuted title -->]</ref> Indian Elephants are threatened by poaching for the ivory of their tusks, by the loss of habitat due to human pressure on forested areas and due to human conflict. The isolated populations of wild elephants in individual wildlife sanctuaries are also threatened by loss of genetic diversity. Recently a number of corridors connecting wildlife sanctuaries have been established to encourage the migration of wild elephants.<ref>[http://www.india-wildlife-tours.com/wild-animals-in-india/indian-wildlife-indian-elephant.html Indian Elephant,Asian Elephant,Elephant in India,Asian Elephant India,Information on Indian Elephant,Endangered Animals in India,Asian Elephant Tours<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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==यहाँ भी देखें== |
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==See also== |
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* [[एशियाई हाथी]] |
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* [[Asian Elephant]] |
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* [[केरल की संस्कृति में हाथी]] |
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* [[Elephants in Kerala culture]] |
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* [[मेला शिकार]], उत्तर-पूर्व भारत में जंगली हाथियों को पकड़ने की एक पारंपरिक विधि |
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* [[Mela shikar]], a traditional method of capturing wild elephants in North-east India |
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==संदर्भ== |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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* Shoshani J, Eisenberg JF (1982) Elephas maximus. Mammalian Species 182: 1–8. [http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-182-01-0001.pdf Full text] |
* Shoshani J, Eisenberg JF (1982) Elephas maximus. Mammalian Species 182: 1–8. [http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-182-01-0001.pdf Full text] |
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* [http://www.honoluluzoo.org/indian_elephant.htm Honolulu Zoo Indian Elephant] |
* [http://www.honoluluzoo.org/indian_elephant.htm Honolulu Zoo Indian Elephant] |
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==बाहरी कड़ियाँ== |
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==External links== |
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*[http://books.google.com/books?id=6CGNlxDn-GUC&pg=PA243&dq=A+Record+of+Sport+in+Southern+India++hamilton&client=safari#PPA48,M1 Thirteen Years Among the Wild Beasts of India: Their Haunts and Habits from Personal Observation], Chapt. VI |
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=6CGNlxDn-GUC&pg=PA243&dq=A+Record+of+Sport+in+Southern+India++hamilton&client=safari#PPA48,M1 Thirteen Years Among the Wild Beasts of India: Their Haunts and Habits from Personal Observation], Chapt. VI |
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*[http://web.mac.com/nadjagrimm/iWeb/JWDC/Elephants%20.html Paintings of Indian Elephants] |
*[http://web.mac.com/nadjagrimm/iWeb/JWDC/Elephants%20.html Paintings of Indian Elephants] |
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05:54, 9 सितंबर 2009 का अवतरण
| Indian Elephant | |
|---|---|
| चित्र:Thrippunithura-Elephant6 crop.jpg | |
| वैज्ञानिक वर्गीकरण | |
| जगत: | Animalia |
| संघ: | Chordata |
| वर्ग: | Mammalia |
| गण: | Proboscidea |
| कुल: | Elephantidae |
| वंश: | Elephas |
| जाति: | E. maximus |
| उपजाति: | E. m. indicus |
| त्रिपद नाम | |
| Elephas maximus indicus Cuvier, 1798 | |
भारतीय हाथी, एलिफ़ास मैक्सिमस इंडिकस एशियाई हाथी की चार उपप्रजातियों में से एक है। यह अधिकतम मात्रा में भारत में मिलता है। यह उपप्रजाति बांग्लादेश, पाकिस्तान ,भूटान, कंबोडिया, चीन, लाओस, मलेशियाई प्रायद्वीप, बर्मा/म्यांमार, नेपाल, थाईलैंड और वियतनाम में भी पाया जाता है।
एशियाई हाथी की तीन अन्य उपप्रजातियाँ हैं सुमात्राई हाथी (ए.मै. सुमात्रानुस), श्रीलंकाई हाथी (ए.मै. मैक्सिमस)[1] और बोर्नियो का हाथी (ए.मै. बोर्निएंसिस)।
रिहायिश
Indian Elephants live in or near scrub-forested areas, although their habitat may vary. They tend to be nomadic in nature and do not stay in one place for more than a few days. They can live in jungles but gravitate towards areas that contain open space and grass.
भौतिक विशेषताएँ
Size
The Indian Elephant is up to 6.4 metres (21 ft) long; it is taller and thinner than the Asian elephant found in Thailand. The largest Indian Elephant was 26ft (7.88m) long, stood 11 फीट (3.4 मी॰), 9in (3.61m) at the arch of the back, and weighed 8 tons (17935 lbs). [2] Indian elephants look similar to African elephants but they have smaller ears and shorter tusks.[तथ्य वांछित].
Body structure
Since Indian Elephants are a subspecies of the Asian Elephants, there are not much differences. Indian elephants have small ears unlike the African elephant, and has a broad skull. Females have no tusks. Males are larger than females. The trunk is larger in size than the African elephant. Toes are large and broad. The feet nails are not much large. Unlike their African neighbours, their abdomen is proportionate with their body weight but the African elephant has a large abdomen as compared to the skull.
जनसंख्या व लुप्तप्रायता
The WWF considers the Indian Elephant widely distributed, but endangered. The current population of the Indian Elephant is in the range of 20,000-25,000[3]. The Indian Elephant was assessed as an endangered species in 1996 by the Asian Elephant Specialist Group. [4] Indian Elephants are threatened by poaching for the ivory of their tusks, by the loss of habitat due to human pressure on forested areas and due to human conflict. The isolated populations of wild elephants in individual wildlife sanctuaries are also threatened by loss of genetic diversity. Recently a number of corridors connecting wildlife sanctuaries have been established to encourage the migration of wild elephants.[5]
यहाँ भी देखें
- एशियाई हाथी
- केरल की संस्कृति में हाथी
- मेला शिकार, उत्तर-पूर्व भारत में जंगली हाथियों को पकड़ने की एक पारंपरिक विधि
संदर्भ
- Shoshani J, Eisenberg JF (1982) Elephas maximus. Mammalian Species 182: 1–8. Full text
- Animal Diversity. Elephas maximus.
- Honolulu Zoo Indian Elephant