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{{Infobox military unit
माहर रेजिमेंट [[भारतीय सेना]] का एक सैन्य-दल है।
|unit_name=Mahar Regiment
|image=[[File:Mahar Regimental Insignia.gif]]
|caption=The Regimental Insignia of the Mahar Regiment
|dates= 1941–present
|country={{flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|branch=[[Indian Army]]
|type=Line Infantry
|role=[[Infantry]]
|size=19 battalions
|colors= Bolo Hindustan Ki Jai (Say Victory to India)
|colors_label=War Cry
|current_commander=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|nickname=
|motto= [[Yash Sidhi]] (Success & Attainment)
|identification_symbol= A pair of crossed Vickers medium machine guns, mounted on a tripod with a dagger. The dagger was initially the Pillar of Koregaon, where the combined British and Mahar troops defeated the overwhelming Peshwa Army. The pillar was subsequently removed and was replaced with a dagger.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Units/Infantry/114-Mahar-Regt.html Bharat Rakshak :: Land Forces Site - The Mahar Regiment<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|identification_symbol_label=Regimental Insignia
|march=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=1 Param Vir Chakra, 4 Maha Vir Chakra, 29 Vir Chakra, 1 Kirti Chakra, 12 Shaurya Chakra, 22 Vishisht Seva Medals and 63 Sena Medals.<ref name=autogenerated1 />
}}

'''महार रेजिमेंट''' [[भारतीय सेना]] का एक सैन्य-दल है।
The '''Mahar Regiment''' is an [[Infantry Regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]]. Although it was originally intended to be a regiment consisting of troops from the [[Mahar]]s in Maharashtra, the Mahar Regiment is one of the only regiments in the Indian Army that is composed of troops from all communities and regions of India.

==History==

===Under Shivaji and the Maratha Empire===
The Mahars were recruited by the Maratha king [[Shivaji]] as scouts and fort guards in his army.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/751529/how-history-has-systematically-distorted-the-figure-of-shivaji-excerpt-from-govind-pansares-book|title=How history has systematically distorted the figure of Shivaji: Excerpt from Govind Pansare's book}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/801298/why-lakhs-of-people-celebrate-the-british-victory-over-the-maratha-peshwas-every-new-year|title=Why lakhs of Indians celebrate the British victory over the Maratha Peshwas every New Year}}</ref> They were also heavily recruited by the [[British East India Company]], at one part forming one-sixth of the Company's [[Bombay Army]]. The Bombay Army favoured Mahar troops for their bravery and loyalty to the [[Colours]], and also because they could be relied upon during the [[Anglo-Maratha Wars]]. They achieved many successes, including in the [[Battle of Koregaon]], where Mahar-dominated Company troops defeated a much larger led by [[Peshwa]] [[Baji Rao II]]. This battle was commemorated by an obelisk, known as the Koregaon pillar, which featured on the crest of the Mahar Regiment until Indian Independence. Mahar troops of the Bombay Army also saw action in the [[Indian Mutiny]] of 1857, and two regiments (the 21st and 27th) joined the revolt under the British.War cry of this regiment is "Bolo Hindustan Ki Jay ".

===The Martial Races theory and disbandment===
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2016}}

After the Revolt, the British officers of the Indian Army, particularly those who had served in the [[First Anglo-Afghan War|First]] and [[Second Anglo-Afghan War|Second Afghan Wars]], began to give currency to the [[Martial Race]]s Theory. This theory was that some races and communities among Indians were naturally warlike, and more suited to warfare than others. A major proponent of this theory was [[Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Lord Roberts]], who became [[Commander-in-Chief, India|Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army]] in the November 1885. There was a gradual "Punjabisation" of the Indian Army to the detriment of the other communities. The final blow for the Mahar troops came in 1892, when it was decided to institute "class regiments" in the Indian Army. The Mahars were not included in these class regiments, and it was notified that the Mahars, among with some other classes, were no longer to be recruited in the Indian army. The Mahar troops, who included 104 [[Viceroy's Commissioned Officer]]s and a host of [[Non-commissioned officers]] and Sepoys were demobilised. This event was regarded by the Mahars as a betrayal of their loyalty by a government they had served for over a hundred years.

===1892-1941===
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2016}}

After the demobilisation of the Mahar troops, there were many attempts by the leaders of the Mahar community to persuade the Government to let them serve in the Army once again. Petitions to this effect were drafted by ex-soldiers such as Gopal Baba Walangkar in 1894, and Shivram Janba Kamble in 1904. These petitions were supported in principle by the politician and social reformer [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]], who was opposed to the Martial Races theory. They were also supported by the [[Indian National Congress]], who were also opposed to the recruiting policies of the Army.

The recruitment policies of the British Indian Army continued until the beginning of the [[First World War]] in 1914. The War forced the Government to begin more broad-based recruiting, and the Mahars were at last allowed to enlist in the Army. One battalion of Mahar troops, the [[111th Mahars]] was raised in the June 1917. However, the battalion did not see much service during the War, and in 1920 it was merged with the [[71st Punjabis]]. Finally, the battalion was disbanded in March 1921, and the Mahars were once again demobilised.

The period between the wars saw increased efforts by the Mahars to persuade the government to let them enlist in the Army. One proponent of Mahar recruitment was Dr. [[B. R. Ambedkar]], whose father, [[Subedar Major|Sub. Maj.]] Ramji Maloji Sakpal had been a soldier in the British Indian Army. However, the proposed reorganisation of the Indian Army that was to occur in the 1930s was postponed because of a lack of funds in the [[Great Depression]]. In 1939, the [[Second World War]] broke out, and once again, the Army was forced to overlook its narrow minded recruitment policies in the face of harsh necessity.

===Raising of the Mahar Regiment===
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2016}}

In the July 1941, B. R. Ambedkar was appointed to the Defence Advisory Committee of the Viceroy's Executive Council. He used this appointment to exert pressure within the military establishment for a Mahar regiment. He also appealed to the Mahars to join the Army in large numbers. In October, the Army gave in, and the 1st Battalion of the Mahar Regiment was raised in [[Belgaum]] under Lt. Col. HJR Jackson of the [[13th Frontier Force Rifles]] and Sub. Maj. Sheikh Hassnuddin. The 2nd Battalion was raised in [[Kamptee]] in June 1942 under Lt. Col. JWK Kirwan and Sub. Maj. Bholaji Ranjane. A cap badge was designed for the Regiment by Capt. EEL Mortlemans, an officer of 2nd Mahar. The badge featured the Koregaon Pillar over the word "MAHAR". The third battalion, the 25th Mahars, was raised in [[Belgaum]] in the August 1942 by Lt. Col V. Chambier and Sub. Maj. Sardar Bahadur Ladkojirao Bhonsale, and the 3rd Mahars were raised in [[Nowshera, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa|Nowshera]] by Lt. Col. RND Frier and Sub. Maj. Bholaji Ranjane. During the War, the 1st and 3rd Mahars served in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North-West Frontier Province]], while the 2nd and 25th Battalions were employed on internal security duties within the country. The 2nd Battalion also saw service in the [[Burma Campaign]] as a part of the [[23rd Indian Division]], where they suffered 5 casualties and had one officer [[Mentioned in dispatches]]. They also served in [[Iraq]] after the War as a part of [[PAIFORCE]]. In 1946, the 25th Mahars were disbanded, along with many other garrison battalions of the Indian Army. Its officers and men were largely absorbed by the other three battalions of the Regiment. In the October 1946, the Regiment was converted into a [[Machine Gun]] Regiment, and the Regimental Centre was established at Kamptee. Following conversion of the Regiment to a machine-gun regiment, the cap-badge was changed. The new badge had two crossed [[Vickers machine gun]]s over the Koregaon Pillar, over a scroll that said "The Mahar MG Regiment". The three surviving battalions of the regiment served as a part of the [[Punjab Boundary Force]], and took part in escorting refugees during the [[Partition of India]].

===The Border Scouts===
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2016}}

The Border Scouts were an irregular force formed by the people of the border villages in [[East Punjab]] during Partition. Hailing as they did from the erstwhile greater state of East Punjab (which included the present states of [[Haryana]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]]), the force had people hailing from a greater mix of ethnic, religious and caste backgrounds than was the norm in the Indian Army. They did some useful work defending villages from attacks during partition, and as a reward, were given a more permanent character as the East Punjab Frontier Scouts in 1948. They served along the border with Pakistan as border guards, and were regarded as a useful adjunct of the Punjab Armed Police. The unit was redesignated the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the Border Scouts in 1951, with recruitment from different North Indian communities. In 1956, the decision to convert this force into Machine-Gun Regiments was taken, and the three battalions were merged with the Mahar Regiment, the only Indian Machine Gun Regiment in existence at the time. They joined the Regiment as the 4th, 5th and 6th Battalions of the Mahar Regiment, and it is to these units that the Regiment traces its mixed-class composition. The three Battalions style themselves battalions of the Mahar Regiment (Borders) even today.

==Composition and Recruitment==
The class composition of the Regiment also changed. While 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 8th and 13th battalions were all pure Mahar battalions, the others were mixed classes right down to the smallest sub-unit level. The conversion training started in November 1963 with 1st Mahar and completed in May 1964 with 10th Mahar. The year 1965 saw all the battalions of the regiment gearing up for operations. These included the newly raised 11th and 12th battalions that had the unique composition of Bengalis, Oriyas and Gujratis - the communities that had been stamped as non-martial by the British. Their entry into the Mahar fraternity added strength to national integration-the distinctive feature which the regiment has always been proud of.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/rgt-mahar.htm Mahar Regiment<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

Battalions
*1st Battalion
*2nd Battalion
*3rd Battalion
*4th Battalion (Borders)
*5th Battalion (Borders)
*6th Battalion (Borders)
*7th Battalion
*8th Battalion
*9th Battalion
*10th Battalion
*11th Battalion
*12th Battalion
*13th Battalion
*14th Battalion (formerly 31st Mahar)
*15th Battalion (formerly 32nd Mahar)
*17th Battalion
*18th Battalion
*19th Battalion
*20th Battalion
*21st Battalion <ref name=autogenerated1 />

===Former Battalions===
*25th Battalion (disbanded 1946).
*16th Battalion (formerly 8th Parachute Regiment) (converted to 12th Mechanised Infantry in 1981)

===Allied Units===
*108th Infantry Battalion Territorial Army (based at Dehradun)
*115th Infantry Battalion Territorial Army (based at Belgaum)
*1st Battalion [[Rashtriya Rifles]]
*30th Battalion Rashtriya Rifles
*51st Battalion Rashtriya Rifles

==References==
*{{note|MarRace}} [http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-6146.html The Martial Races at Country-Data.com]
{{Reflist}}
{{Indian Army Infantry Regiments}}
[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/ARMY/units/114-Mahar-Regt.]
{{https://youtu.be/cmXjoLPc0lg}}
[[Category:Infantry regiments of the Indian Army from 1947]]
[[Category:British Indian Army infantry regiments]]
[[Category:Units of the Indian Peace Keeping Force]]


{{भारतीय सेना के पैदल सेना दल}}
{{भारतीय सेना के पैदल सेना दल}}


07:39, 1 फ़रवरी 2017 का अवतरण

Mahar Regiment
चित्र:Mahar Regimental Insignia.gif
The Regimental Insignia of the Mahar Regiment
सक्रिय1941–present
देशभारत India
शाखाIndian Army
प्रकारLine Infantry
भूमिकाInfantry
विशालता19 battalions
आदर्श वाक्यYash Sidhi (Success & Attainment)
War CryBolo Hindustan Ki Jai (Say Victory to India)
सैनिक चिह्न1 Param Vir Chakra, 4 Maha Vir Chakra, 29 Vir Chakra, 1 Kirti Chakra, 12 Shaurya Chakra, 22 Vishisht Seva Medals and 63 Sena Medals.[1]
बिल्ला
Regimental InsigniaA pair of crossed Vickers medium machine guns, mounted on a tripod with a dagger. The dagger was initially the Pillar of Koregaon, where the combined British and Mahar troops defeated the overwhelming Peshwa Army. The pillar was subsequently removed and was replaced with a dagger.[1]

महार रेजिमेंट भारतीय सेना का एक सैन्य-दल है। The Mahar Regiment is an Infantry Regiment of the Indian Army. Although it was originally intended to be a regiment consisting of troops from the Mahars in Maharashtra, the Mahar Regiment is one of the only regiments in the Indian Army that is composed of troops from all communities and regions of India.

History

Under Shivaji and the Maratha Empire

The Mahars were recruited by the Maratha king Shivaji as scouts and fort guards in his army.[2][3] They were also heavily recruited by the British East India Company, at one part forming one-sixth of the Company's Bombay Army. The Bombay Army favoured Mahar troops for their bravery and loyalty to the Colours, and also because they could be relied upon during the Anglo-Maratha Wars. They achieved many successes, including in the Battle of Koregaon, where Mahar-dominated Company troops defeated a much larger led by Peshwa Baji Rao II. This battle was commemorated by an obelisk, known as the Koregaon pillar, which featured on the crest of the Mahar Regiment until Indian Independence. Mahar troops of the Bombay Army also saw action in the Indian Mutiny of 1857, and two regiments (the 21st and 27th) joined the revolt under the British.War cry of this regiment is "Bolo Hindustan Ki Jay ".

The Martial Races theory and disbandment

After the Revolt, the British officers of the Indian Army, particularly those who had served in the First and Second Afghan Wars, began to give currency to the Martial Races Theory. This theory was that some races and communities among Indians were naturally warlike, and more suited to warfare than others. A major proponent of this theory was Lord Roberts, who became Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army in the November 1885. There was a gradual "Punjabisation" of the Indian Army to the detriment of the other communities. The final blow for the Mahar troops came in 1892, when it was decided to institute "class regiments" in the Indian Army. The Mahars were not included in these class regiments, and it was notified that the Mahars, among with some other classes, were no longer to be recruited in the Indian army. The Mahar troops, who included 104 Viceroy's Commissioned Officers and a host of Non-commissioned officers and Sepoys were demobilised. This event was regarded by the Mahars as a betrayal of their loyalty by a government they had served for over a hundred years.

1892-1941

After the demobilisation of the Mahar troops, there were many attempts by the leaders of the Mahar community to persuade the Government to let them serve in the Army once again. Petitions to this effect were drafted by ex-soldiers such as Gopal Baba Walangkar in 1894, and Shivram Janba Kamble in 1904. These petitions were supported in principle by the politician and social reformer Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was opposed to the Martial Races theory. They were also supported by the Indian National Congress, who were also opposed to the recruiting policies of the Army.

The recruitment policies of the British Indian Army continued until the beginning of the First World War in 1914. The War forced the Government to begin more broad-based recruiting, and the Mahars were at last allowed to enlist in the Army. One battalion of Mahar troops, the 111th Mahars was raised in the June 1917. However, the battalion did not see much service during the War, and in 1920 it was merged with the 71st Punjabis. Finally, the battalion was disbanded in March 1921, and the Mahars were once again demobilised.

The period between the wars saw increased efforts by the Mahars to persuade the government to let them enlist in the Army. One proponent of Mahar recruitment was Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, whose father, Sub. Maj. Ramji Maloji Sakpal had been a soldier in the British Indian Army. However, the proposed reorganisation of the Indian Army that was to occur in the 1930s was postponed because of a lack of funds in the Great Depression. In 1939, the Second World War broke out, and once again, the Army was forced to overlook its narrow minded recruitment policies in the face of harsh necessity.

Raising of the Mahar Regiment

In the July 1941, B. R. Ambedkar was appointed to the Defence Advisory Committee of the Viceroy's Executive Council. He used this appointment to exert pressure within the military establishment for a Mahar regiment. He also appealed to the Mahars to join the Army in large numbers. In October, the Army gave in, and the 1st Battalion of the Mahar Regiment was raised in Belgaum under Lt. Col. HJR Jackson of the 13th Frontier Force Rifles and Sub. Maj. Sheikh Hassnuddin. The 2nd Battalion was raised in Kamptee in June 1942 under Lt. Col. JWK Kirwan and Sub. Maj. Bholaji Ranjane. A cap badge was designed for the Regiment by Capt. EEL Mortlemans, an officer of 2nd Mahar. The badge featured the Koregaon Pillar over the word "MAHAR". The third battalion, the 25th Mahars, was raised in Belgaum in the August 1942 by Lt. Col V. Chambier and Sub. Maj. Sardar Bahadur Ladkojirao Bhonsale, and the 3rd Mahars were raised in Nowshera by Lt. Col. RND Frier and Sub. Maj. Bholaji Ranjane. During the War, the 1st and 3rd Mahars served in the North-West Frontier Province, while the 2nd and 25th Battalions were employed on internal security duties within the country. The 2nd Battalion also saw service in the Burma Campaign as a part of the 23rd Indian Division, where they suffered 5 casualties and had one officer Mentioned in dispatches. They also served in Iraq after the War as a part of PAIFORCE. In 1946, the 25th Mahars were disbanded, along with many other garrison battalions of the Indian Army. Its officers and men were largely absorbed by the other three battalions of the Regiment. In the October 1946, the Regiment was converted into a Machine Gun Regiment, and the Regimental Centre was established at Kamptee. Following conversion of the Regiment to a machine-gun regiment, the cap-badge was changed. The new badge had two crossed Vickers machine guns over the Koregaon Pillar, over a scroll that said "The Mahar MG Regiment". The three surviving battalions of the regiment served as a part of the Punjab Boundary Force, and took part in escorting refugees during the Partition of India.

The Border Scouts

The Border Scouts were an irregular force formed by the people of the border villages in East Punjab during Partition. Hailing as they did from the erstwhile greater state of East Punjab (which included the present states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh), the force had people hailing from a greater mix of ethnic, religious and caste backgrounds than was the norm in the Indian Army. They did some useful work defending villages from attacks during partition, and as a reward, were given a more permanent character as the East Punjab Frontier Scouts in 1948. They served along the border with Pakistan as border guards, and were regarded as a useful adjunct of the Punjab Armed Police. The unit was redesignated the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the Border Scouts in 1951, with recruitment from different North Indian communities. In 1956, the decision to convert this force into Machine-Gun Regiments was taken, and the three battalions were merged with the Mahar Regiment, the only Indian Machine Gun Regiment in existence at the time. They joined the Regiment as the 4th, 5th and 6th Battalions of the Mahar Regiment, and it is to these units that the Regiment traces its mixed-class composition. The three Battalions style themselves battalions of the Mahar Regiment (Borders) even today.

Composition and Recruitment

The class composition of the Regiment also changed. While 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 8th and 13th battalions were all pure Mahar battalions, the others were mixed classes right down to the smallest sub-unit level. The conversion training started in November 1963 with 1st Mahar and completed in May 1964 with 10th Mahar. The year 1965 saw all the battalions of the regiment gearing up for operations. These included the newly raised 11th and 12th battalions that had the unique composition of Bengalis, Oriyas and Gujratis - the communities that had been stamped as non-martial by the British. Their entry into the Mahar fraternity added strength to national integration-the distinctive feature which the regiment has always been proud of.[4]

Battalions

  • 1st Battalion
  • 2nd Battalion
  • 3rd Battalion
  • 4th Battalion (Borders)
  • 5th Battalion (Borders)
  • 6th Battalion (Borders)
  • 7th Battalion
  • 8th Battalion
  • 9th Battalion
  • 10th Battalion
  • 11th Battalion
  • 12th Battalion
  • 13th Battalion
  • 14th Battalion (formerly 31st Mahar)
  • 15th Battalion (formerly 32nd Mahar)
  • 17th Battalion
  • 18th Battalion
  • 19th Battalion
  • 20th Battalion
  • 21st Battalion [1]

Former Battalions

  • 25th Battalion (disbanded 1946).
  • 16th Battalion (formerly 8th Parachute Regiment) (converted to 12th Mechanised Infantry in 1981)

Allied Units

  • 108th Infantry Battalion Territorial Army (based at Dehradun)
  • 115th Infantry Battalion Territorial Army (based at Belgaum)
  • 1st Battalion Rashtriya Rifles
  • 30th Battalion Rashtriya Rifles
  • 51st Battalion Rashtriya Rifles

References

  1. ↑ अ आ इ Bharat Rakshak :: Land Forces Site - The Mahar Regiment
  2. ↑ "How history has systematically distorted the figure of Shivaji: Excerpt from Govind Pansare's book".
  3. ↑ "Why lakhs of Indians celebrate the British victory over the Maratha Peshwas every New Year".
  4. ↑ Mahar Regiment

साँचा:Indian Army Infantry Regiments [1] साँचा:Https://youtu.be/cmXjoLPc0lg


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