रदरफोर्डियम
| रदरफोर्डियम / Rutherfordium रासायनिक तत्व | |
| रासायनिक चिन्ह: | Rf |
| परमाणु संख्या: | 104 |
| रासायनिक शृंखला: | संक्रमण धातु |
 आवर्त सारणी में स्थिति | |
 | |
| अन्य भाषाओं में नाम: | Rutherfordium (अंग्रेज़ी) |
रदरफोर्डियम एक रासायनिक तत्व है। इसका अर्धायु काल ~१.३ घंटे का होता है।
आइसोटोप
[संपादित करें]| Isotope | Half-life [1] | Decay mode[1] | Discovery year | Reaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 253Rf | 48 μs | α, SF | 1994 | 204Pb(50Ti,n)[2] |
| 254Rf | 23 μs | SF | 1994 | 206Pb(50Ti,2n)[2] |
| 255Rf | 2.3 s | ε?, α, SF | 1974 | 207Pb(50Ti,2n)[3] |
| 256Rf | 6.4 ms | α, SF | 1974 | 208Pb(50Ti,2n)[3] |
| 257Rf | 4.7 s | ε, α, SF | 1969 | 249Cf(12C,4n)[4] |
| 257mRf | 4.1 s | ε, α, SF | 1969 | 249Cf(12C,4n)[4] |
| 258Rf | 14.7 ms | α, SF | 1969 | 249Cf(13C,4n)[4] |
| 259Rf | 3.2 s | α, SF | 1969 | 249Cf(13C,3n)[4] |
| 259mRf | 2.5 s | ε | 1969 | 249Cf(13C,3n)[4] |
| 260Rf | 21 ms | α, SF | 1969 | 248Cm(16O,4n)[5] |
| 261Rf | 78 s | α, SF | 1970 | 248Cm(18O,5n)[6] |
| 261mRf | 4 s | ε, α, SF | 2001 | 244Pu(22Ne,5n)[7] |
| 262Rf | 2.3 s | α, SF | 1996 | 244Pu(22Ne,4n)[8] |
| 263Rf | 15 min | α, SF | 1999 | 263Db(e−,ν e)[9] |
| 263mRf ? | 8 s | α, SF | 1999 | 263Db(e−,ν e)[9] |
| 265Rf | 1.1 min[10] | SF | 2010 | 269Sg(—,α)[11] |
| 266Rf | 23 s? | SF | 2007? | 266Db(e−,ν e)?[12][13] |
| 267Rf | 1.3 h | SF | 2004 | 271Sg(—,α)[14] |
| 268Rf | 1.4 s? | SF | 2004? | 268Db(e−,ν e)?[13][15] |
| 270Rf | 20 ms?[16] | SF | 2010? | 270Db(e−,ν e)?[17] |
Rutherfordium has no stable or naturally occurring isotopes. Several radioactive isotopes have been synthesized in the laboratory, either by fusing two atoms or by observing the decay of heavier elements. Sixteen different isotopes have been reported with atomic masses from 253 to 270 (with the exceptions of 264 and 269). Most of these decay predominantly through spontaneous fission pathways.[1][18]
सन्दर्भ
[संपादित करें]- 1 2 3 उद्धरण त्रुटि:
<ref>का गलत प्रयोग;nuclidetableनाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है। - 1 2 Heßberger, F. P.; Hofmann, S.; Ninov, V.; Armbruster, P.; Folger, H.; Münzenberg, G.; Schött, H. J.; Popeko, A. K.; et al. (1997). "Spontaneous fission and alpha-decay properties of neutron deficient isotopes 257−253104 and 258106". Zeitschrift für Physik A. 359 (4): 415. बिबकोड:1997ZPhyA.359..415A. डीओआई:10.1007/s002180050422. एस2सीआईडी 121551261.
- 1 2 Heßberger, F. P.; Hofmann, S.; Ackermann, D.; Ninov, V.; Leino, M.; Münzenberg, G.; Saro, S.; Lavrentev, A.; et al. (2001). "Decay properties of neutron-deficient isotopes 256,257Db, 255Rf, 252,253Lr". European Physical Journal A. 12 (1): 57–67. बिबकोड:2001EPJA...12...57H. डीओआई:10.1007/s100500170039. एस2सीआईडी 117896888.
- 1 2 3 4 5 उद्धरण त्रुटि:
<ref>का गलत प्रयोग;69Gh01नाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है। - ↑ उद्धरण त्रुटि:
<ref>का गलत प्रयोग;93TWGनाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है। - ↑ Ghiorso, A.; Nurmia, M.; Eskola, K.; Eskola P. (1970). "261Rf; new isotope of element 104". Physics Letters B. 32 (2): 95–98. बिबकोड:1970PhLB...32...95G. डीओआई:10.1016/0370-2693(70)90595-2.
- ↑ Dressler, R. & Türler, A. "Evidence for isomeric states in 261Rf" (PDF). PSI Annual Report 2001. मूल से (PDF) से 2011-07-07 को पुरालेखित।. अभिगमन तिथि: 2008-01-29.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ Lane, M. R.; Gregorich, K.; Lee, D.; Mohar, M.; Hsu, M.; Kacher, C.; Kadkhodayan, B.; Neu, M.; et al. (1996). "Spontaneous fission properties of 104262Rf". Physical Review C. 53 (6): 2893–2899. बिबकोड:1996PhRvC..53.2893L. डीओआई:10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2893. पीएमआईडी 9971276.
- 1 2 Kratz, J. V.; Nähler, A.; Rieth, U.; Kronenberg, A.; Kuczewski, B.; Strub, E.; Brüchle, W.; Schädel, M.; et al. (2003). "An EC-branch in the decay of 27-s263Db: Evidence for the new isotope263Rf" (PDF). Radiochim. Acta. 91 (1–2003): 59–62. डीओआई:10.1524/ract.91.1.59.19010. एस2सीआईडी 96560109. मूल से (PDF) से 2009-02-25 को पुरालेखित।.
- ↑ उद्धरण त्रुटि:
<ref>का गलत प्रयोग;PuCa2017नाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है। - ↑ Ellison, P.; Gregorich, K.; Berryman, J.; Bleuel, D.; Clark, R.; Dragojević, I.; Dvorak, J.; Fallon, P.; Fineman-Sotomayor, C.; et al. (2010). "New Superheavy Element Isotopes: 242Pu(48Ca,5n)285114". Physical Review Letters. 105 (18): 182701. बिबकोड:2010PhRvL.105r2701E. डीओआई:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.182701. पीएमआईडी 21231101.
- ↑ Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; et al. (2007). "Synthesis of the isotope 282113 in the Np237+Ca48 fusion reaction". Physical Review C. 76 (1): 011601. बिबकोड:2007PhRvC..76a1601O. डीओआई:10.1103/PhysRevC.76.011601.
- 1 2 Oganessian, Yuri (8 February 2012). "Nuclei in the "Island of Stability" of Superheavy Elements". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 337 (1). IOP Publishing: 012005. बिबकोड:2012JPhCS.337a2005O. डीओआई:10.1088/1742-6596/337/1/012005. आईएसएसएन 1742-6596.
- ↑ Hofmann, S. (2009). "Superheavy Elements". The Euroschool Lectures on Physics with Exotic Beams, Vol. III Lecture Notes in Physics. Lecture Notes in Physics. Vol. 764. Springer. pp. 203–252. डीओआई:10.1007/978-3-540-85839-3_6. ISBN 978-3-540-85838-6.
- ↑ Dmitriev, S N; Eichler, R; Bruchertseifer, H; Itkis, M G; Utyonkov, V K; Aggeler, H W; Lobanov, Yu V; Sokol, E A; Oganessian, Yu T; Wild, J F; Aksenov, N V; Vostokin, G K; Shishkin, S V; Tsyganov, Yu S; Stoyer, M A; Kenneally, J M; Shaughnessy, D A; Schumann, D; Eremin, A V; Hussonnois, M; Wilk, P A; Chepigin, V I (15 October 2004). "Chemical Identification of Dubnium as a Decay Product of Element 115 Produced in the Reaction 48Ca+243Am". CERN Document Server. अभिगमन तिथि: 5 April 2019.
- ↑ Fritz Peter Heßberger. "Exploration of Nuclear Structure and Decay of Heaviest Elements at GSI - SHIP". agenda.infn.it. अभिगमन तिथि: 2016-09-10.
- ↑ उद्धरण त्रुटि:
<ref>का गलत प्रयोग;270Rfनाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है। - ↑ "Six New Isotopes of the Superheavy Elements Discovered". Berkeley Lab News Center. 26 October 2010. अभिगमन तिथि: 5 April 2019.