तापीय प्रसार
दिखावट
ताप के परिवर्तन के फलस्वरूप पदार्थों के लम्बाई, क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन में होने वाले परिवर्तन को में होने वाले परिवर्तन को तापीय विस्तार (Thermal expansion) कहते हैं।
प्रसार के समीकरण
[संपादित करें]ठोसों का तापीय प्रसार
[संपादित करें]
लम्बाई | क्षेत्रफल | आयतन |
---|---|---|
द्रवों का तापीय प्रसार
[संपादित करें]गैसों का तापीय प्रसार
[संपादित करें]शून्य डिग्री सेल्सियस के प्रारम्भिक तापमान पर आदर्श गैस के लिए,
- आयतनी ताप प्रसार गुणांक = 1/273,15 K−1
विभिन्न पदार्थों के ताप प्रसार गुणांक
[संपादित करें]पदार्थ | रैखिक गुणांक α at 20 °C (10−6 K−1) |
आयतनी गुणांक αV at 20 °C (10−6 K−1) |
टिप्पणी |
---|---|---|---|
अलुमिनियम | 23.1 | 69 | |
अलुमिनियम नाइट्राइड | 4.2 a-axis, 5.3 c-axis[1] | 13.7 | AlN is anisotropic |
Benzocyclobutene | 42 | 126 | |
पीतल | 19 | 57 | |
Carbon steel | 10.8 | 32.4 | |
CFRP | – 0.8[2] | Anisotropic | Fiber direction |
Concrete | 12 | 36 | |
Copper | 17 | 51 | |
Diamond | 1 | 3 | |
Ethanol | 250 | 750[3] | |
Gallium(III) arsenide | 5.8 | 17.4 | |
Gasoline | 317 | 950[4] | |
Glass | 8.5 | 25.5 | |
Glass, borosilicate | 3.3 [5] | 9.9 | matched sealing partner for tungsten, molybdenum and kovar. |
Glass (Pyrex) | 3.2[6] | ||
Glycerine | 485[6] | ||
Gold | 14 | 42 | |
Helium | 36.65[6] | ||
Ice | 51 | ||
Indium phosphide | 4.6 | 13.8 | |
Invar | 1.2 | 3.6 | |
Iron | 11.8 | 35.4 | |
Kapton | 20[7] | 60 | DuPont Kapton 200EN |
Lead | 29 | 87 | |
Macor | 9.3[8] | ||
Magnesium | 26 | 78 | |
Mercury | 61 | 182[6][9] | |
Molybdenum | 4.8 | 14.4 | |
Nickel | 13 | 39 | |
Oak | 54[10] | Perpendicular to the grain | |
Douglas-fir | 27[11] | 75 | radial |
Douglas-fir | 45[11] | 75 | tangential |
Douglas-fir | 3.5[11] | 75 | parallel to grain |
Platinum | 9 | 27 | |
PP | 150 | 450 | [उद्धरण चाहिए] |
PVC | 52 | 156 | |
Quartz (fused (pure glass)) | 0.59 | 1.77 | |
alpha-Quartz | 12-16/6-9[12] | Parallel to a-axis/c-axis T = -50 to 150 C | |
Rubber | disputed | disputed | see Talk |
Sapphire | 5.3[13] | Parallel to C axis, or [001] | |
Silicon Carbide | 2.77[14] | 8.31 | |
Silicon | 2.56[15] | 9 | |
Silver | 18[16] | 54 | |
Sitall | 0±0.15[17] | 0±0.45 | average for −60 °C to 60 °C |
Stainless steel | 10.1 ~ 17.3 | 30.3 ~ 51.9 | |
Steel | 11.0 ~ 13.0 | 33.0 ~ 39.0 | Depends on composition |
Titanium | 8.6 | 26[18] | |
Tungsten | 4.5 | 13.5 | |
Turpentine | 90[6] | ||
Water | 69 | 207[9] | |
YbGaGe | ≐0 | ≐0[19] | Refuted[20] |
Zerodur | ≈0.007-0.1[21] | at 0...50 °C |
बाहरी कड़ियाँ
[संपादित करें]- Glass Thermal Expansion Thermal expansion measurement, definitions, thermal expansion calculation from the glass composition
- Water Expansion Calculator Water thermal expansion calculator
- DoITPoMS Teaching and Learning Package on Thermal Expansion and the Bi-material Strip
- Engineering Toolbox – List of coefficients of Linear Expansion for some common materials
- Article on how β is determined
- MatWeb: Free database of engineering properties for over 79,000 materials
- Clemson University Physics Lab: Linear Thermal Expansion
- USA NIST Website - Temperature and Dimensional Measurement workshop
- Hyperphysics: Thermal expansion
- Understanding Thermal Expansion in Ceramic Glazes
- ↑ "AlN thermal properties at Ioffe institute". Archived from the original on 17 नवंबर 2018. Retrieved 25 नवंबर 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
and|archive-date=
(help) - ↑ Ahmed, Ashraf; Tavakol, Behrouz; Das, Rony; Joven, Ronald; Roozbehjavan, Pooneh; Minaie, Bob (2012). "Study of Thermal Expansion in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites". Proceedings of SAMPE International Symposium. Charleston, SC.
- ↑ Young; Geller. Young and Geller College Physics (8th ed.). ISBN 0-8053-9218-1.
- ↑ सन्दर्भ त्रुटि:
<ref>
का गलत प्रयोग;thermex1
नाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है। - ↑ "Technical Glasses Data Sheet" (PDF). schott.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 दिसंबर 2015. Retrieved 25 नवंबर 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
and|archive-date=
(help) - ↑ अ आ इ ई उ Raymond Serway; John Jewett (2005), Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text, Cengage Learning, p. 506, ISBN 0-534-49143-X, archived from the original on 10 जुलाई 2017, retrieved 25 नवंबर 2018
{{citation}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
(help) - ↑ "DuPont™ Kapton® 200EN Polyimide Film". matweb.com. Archived from the original on 26 नवंबर 2018. Retrieved 25 नवंबर 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
and|archive-date=
(help) - ↑ "Macor data sheet" (PDF). corning.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 जून 2011. Retrieved 25 नवंबर 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
(help) - ↑ अ आ "Properties of Common Liquid Materials". Archived from the original on 8 नवंबर 2016. Retrieved 25 नवंबर 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
and|archive-date=
(help) - ↑ "WDSC 340. Class Notes on Thermal Properties of Wood". forestry.caf.wvu.edu. Archived from the original on 2009-03-30.
- ↑ अ आ इ साँचा:Cite techreport
- ↑ Kosinski, J.A.; Gualtieri, J.G.; Ballato, A. (1991). "Thermal expansion of alpha quartz". Proceedings of the 45th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control 1991. p. 22. doi:10.1109/FREQ.1991.145883. ISBN 0-87942-658-6. Archived from the original on 3 फ़रवरी 2019. Retrieved 25 नवंबर 2018.
{{cite book}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
(help) - ↑ "Sapphire" (PDF). kyocera.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-10-18.
- ↑ "Basic Parameters of Silicon Carbide (SiC)". Ioffe Institute. Archived from the original on 24 सितंबर 2015. Retrieved 25 नवंबर 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
(help) - ↑ Becker, P.; Seyfried, P.; Siegert, H. (1982). "The lattice parameter of highly pure silicon single crystals". Zeitschrift für Physik B. 48: 17. Bibcode:1982ZPhyB..48...17B. doi:10.1007/BF02026423.
- ↑ Nave, Rod. "Thermal Expansion Coefficients at 20 C". Georgia State University. Archived from the original on 15 नवंबर 2018. Retrieved 25 नवंबर 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
and|archive-date=
(help) - ↑ "Sitall CO-115M (Astrositall)". Star Instruments. Archived from the original on 25 नवंबर 2018. Retrieved 25 नवंबर 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
and|archive-date=
(help) - ↑ "Thermal Expansion table" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 नवंबर 2018. Retrieved 25 नवंबर 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
and|archive-date=
(help) - ↑ Salvador, James R.; Guo, Fu; Hogan, Tim; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. (2003). "Zero thermal expansion in YbGaGe due to an electronic valence transition". Nature. 425 (6959): 702–5. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..702S. doi:10.1038/nature02011. PMID 14562099.
- ↑ Janssen, Y.; Change, S.; Cho, B.K.; Llobet, A.; Dennis, K.W.; McCallum, R.W.; Mc Queeney, R.J.; Canfeld, P.C. (2005). "YbGaGe: normal thermal expansion". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 389: 10–13. arXiv:cond-mat/0407683. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.08.012.
- ↑ "Schott AG". Archived from the original on 2013-10-04.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (help)