चकमा लोग

चकमा लोग
𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦, 𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟
	चकमा महिला पारंपरिक पहनावा में।
कुल जनसंख्या
	≈ 800,000 (2011–2022)
विशेष निवासक्षेत्र
	बांग्लादेश, भारत और म्यांमार
बांग्लादेश	483,299 (2022)
भारत	228,281 (2011)
; मिजोरम	92,850
; त्रिपुरा	84,269
; अरुणाचल प्रदेश	47,073
; असम	3,166
; पश्चिम बंगाल	175
; मेघालय	159
; नागालैंड	156
म्यांमार	80,000[उद्धरण चाहिए]
भाषाएँ
	चकमा
धर्म
	थेरवाद बौद्ध धर्म
सम्बन्धित सजातीय समूह
	डैंगनेट, तांचांग्या, राखाइन, बमर

चकमा (Chakma) बांग्लादेश के चट्टग्राम पहाड़ी क्षेत्र के सबसे बड़ा समुदाय है। यह चकमा भाषा बोलते हैं जो एक हिन्द-आर्य भाषा है और हिन्दू व थेरवाद बौद्ध धर्मों के अनुयायी होते हैं। यह भारत के मिज़ोरम राज्य और बर्मा के रखाइन राज्य के कुछ क्षेत्रों में भी निवास करते हैं। आनुवांशिक दृष्टि से चाकमा लोगों का बर्मा व तिब्बत की मूल जातियों से सम्बन्ध है।^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

उत्पत्ति

आधुनिक भाषाविद्या के अनुसार, "चकमा" शब्द का उत्पत्ति के संदर्भ में दो शब्दो से बना माना जाता है: "ट्सक" और "मा". इस संदर्भ में, "ट्सक" माना जाता है जो "शक्य" जाति से संबंधित है, और "मा" तिब्बती-बर्मी भाषाओं में "आदमी" का संकेत करता है।^[9] चकमा लिपि में ब्राह्मी लिपि की समानताएँ होने से यह सुझाव दिया जाता है कि चकमा लोग शाक्य वंश से उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं।^[10]

इतिहास

चक्मा जनजाति के पवित्र ग्रंथ बीजक में यह उल्लेख है कि उनके पूर्वज शाक्य राज्य से अरकान (अब म्यांमार के राखाइन राज्य) में प्रवास कर आए थे।^[11] उनका मानना है कि वे बुद्ध के साक्य जाति के अंश हैं, जो हिमालयी जनजातियों में से एक है।^[12]

इन्हें भी देखें

सन्दर्भ

↑ ^अ ^आ Library of Congress Subject Headings. Vol. I (13th ed.). Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress. 1990. p. 709. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
↑ "Table 1.4 Ethnic Population by Group and Sex" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2021. p. 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
↑ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022. 'चकमा' देखें। चकमा राज्यों में नहीं दर्ज है, इसलिए उनकी जनसंख्या का अनुमान लगाने के लिए भाषा सबसे अच्छा माध्यम है।
↑ A-E. Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress. 1990. pp. 709–.
↑ Library of Congress Subject Headings. Library of Congress. 1992. pp. 769–.
↑ "Chakma (people)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 26 जून 2019. Retrieved 19 अप्रैल 2019. The majority of Chakmas—numbering about 300,000—remained there [in the Chittagong Hills] into the 21st century. If about 300,000 was a majority, then the total population was no more than about 600,000 as of 2001.
↑ Bhuiyan, Muhammad Masudur Rahman (2012). "Noakhali Sadar Upazila". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. The tribal population [of Bangladesh] in 2001 was 1.4 million, which was about 1.13% of the total population. The figure was 1.2 million in 1991, of which chakma population was 252,258 If the Chakma population grew at the same rate as the tribal population overall, their 2001 population in Bangladesh would have been about 288,300.
↑ "Statistical Profile of Scheduled Tribes in India 2013" (PDF). Ministry of Tribal Affairs. Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 दिसंबर 2018. Retrieved 19 अप्रैल 2019. Mizoram: 19,554 ... Tripura: 18,014 ... Meghalaya: 44 ... Assam: 430 ... West Bengal: 211 {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help) Total population in India: 38,253.
↑ Pannalal Majumdar (2013). The Chakmas Of Tripura, 2nd Edition. Tribal Research & Cultural Institute, Govt. of Tripura. pp. 38–39.
↑ Sumana Bhattacharyya (2004). A linguistic study of Chakma. University Of Calcutta. p. 1. The Chakma script shows similarities to Brahmi script, indicating cultural links. There's a theory suggesting Chakmas may descend from the Shakya lineage of ancient India.
↑ Ranjan, Chitta (2022). The Chakmas In Southeast Asia. H. S. R. A Publications. p. 112. ISBN 978-93-5506-169-0.
↑ Pannalal Majumdar (2013). The Chakmas Of Tripura, 2nd Edition. Tribal Research & Cultural Institute, Govt. of Tripura. p. 38. Bijak of the Chakmas we can easily take into our considerations that the Chakmas went to Burma from India in far ancient times. As the Chakmas regard them as the desendents from the shakya clan.

[LoC-1990-1] अ ^आ Library of Congress Subject Headings. Vol. I (13th ed.). Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress. 1990. p. 709. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[2] "Table 1.4 Ethnic Population by Group and Sex" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2021. p. 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2022.

[3] "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022. 'चकमा' देखें। चकमा राज्यों में नहीं दर्ज है, इसलिए उनकी जनसंख्या का अनुमान लगाने के लिए भाषा सबसे अच्छा माध्यम है।

[4] A-E. Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress. 1990. pp. 709–.

[5] Library of Congress Subject Headings. Library of Congress. 1992. pp. 769–.

[6] "Chakma (people)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 26 जून 2019. Retrieved 19 अप्रैल 2019. The majority of Chakmas—numbering about 300,000—remained there [in the Chittagong Hills] into the 21st century. If about 300,000 was a majority, then the total population was no more than about 600,000 as of 2001.

[7] Bhuiyan, Muhammad Masudur Rahman (2012). "Noakhali Sadar Upazila". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. The tribal population [of Bangladesh] in 2001 was 1.4 million, which was about 1.13% of the total population. The figure was 1.2 million in 1991, of which chakma population was 252,258 If the Chakma population grew at the same rate as the tribal population overall, their 2001 population in Bangladesh would have been about 288,300.

[8] "Statistical Profile of Scheduled Tribes in India 2013" (PDF). Ministry of Tribal Affairs. Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 दिसंबर 2018. Retrieved 19 अप्रैल 2019. Mizoram: 19,554 ... Tripura: 18,014 ... Meghalaya: 44 ... Assam: 430 ... West Bengal: 211 {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help) Total population in India: 38,253.

[9] Pannalal Majumdar (2013). The Chakmas Of Tripura, 2nd Edition. Tribal Research & Cultural Institute, Govt. of Tripura. pp. 38–39.

[10] Sumana Bhattacharyya (2004). A linguistic study of Chakma. University Of Calcutta. p. 1. The Chakma script shows similarities to Brahmi script, indicating cultural links. There's a theory suggesting Chakmas may descend from the Shakya lineage of ancient India.

[11] Ranjan, Chitta (2022). The Chakmas In Southeast Asia. H. S. R. A Publications. p. 112. ISBN 978-93-5506-169-0.

[12] Pannalal Majumdar (2013). The Chakmas Of Tripura, 2nd Edition. Tribal Research & Cultural Institute, Govt. of Tripura. p. 38. Bijak of the Chakmas we can easily take into our considerations that the Chakmas went to Burma from India in far ancient times. As the Chakmas regard them as the desendents from the shakya clan.

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