महमूद गज़नवी

महमूद ग़ज़नवी
कमल
200px
शासन	997-1030
जन्म	2 नवम्बर, 971 (लगभग)
जन्म स्थान	ग़ज़नी, अफगानिस्तान
मृत्यु	30 अप्रैल, 1030 (उम्र 59 वर्ष में)
मृत्यु स्थान	ग़ज़नी, अफगानिस्तान
पिता	सेबुक्तिगिन
धर्म	सुन्नी इस्लाम

महमूद गज़नवी (971-1030}Ghaznavid गज़नवी राजवंश, जो पूर्वी ईरान भूमि में अपनी मृत्यु तक 997 से 1030 में शासन के सबसे प्रमुख शासक था. जो के रूप में आज ईरान, अफगानिस्तान, पाकिस्तान और उत्तर - पश्चिम भारत के रूप में अच्छी तरह से सबसे को कवर एक व्यापक साम्राज्य के धनी राजधानी में महमूद गजनी के पूर्व प्रांतीय शहर बदल गया. उन्होंने यह भी पहली हालांकि वैचारिक खलीफा के आधिपत्य के लिए लिंक के संरक्षण शीर्षक ("अधिकार"), सुल्तान, उसकी शक्ति की हद तक वाचक, ले जाने के शासक था.

uske father ka name sebuktigin thha. mehmud ke darbar me ek poet/writer ferdowsi he was the author of shahnama the national epic of persian people. This voluminous work, regarded by Persian speakers as a literary masterpiece, also reflects Persia's history, cultural values, ancient religion (Zoroastrianism), and profound sense of nationhood.This book is also important to the remaining 200,000 Zoroastrians, because the Shâhnameh traces the history of Zoroastrian religion from its beginnings up to the defeat of the last Zoroastrian king by Arab conquerors. Mahmud's first campaign to the south was against the Ismaili Fatimid Kingdom at Multan in a bid to curry political favor and recognition with the Abbassid Caliphate, he engaged with the Fatimids elsewhere. At this point, Raja Jayapala of the Hindu Shahi Dynasty in (Lahore and Kashmir) attempted to gain revenge for an earlier military defeat at the hands of Mahmud's father, who had controlled Ghazni in the late 980s and had cost Jayapala extensive territory. His son Anandapala succeeded him and continued the struggle to avenge his father's suicide. He assembled a powerful confederacy which faced an unfortunate defeat as his elephant turned back from the battle in a crucial moment, turning the tide into Mahmud's favor once more at Lahore in 1008 bringing Mahmud into control of the Hindu Shahi dominions of Updhanpura.[1]

There is considerable evidence from writings of Al-Biruni, Soghidan, Uyghur and Manichean texts that the Buddhists, Hindus and Jains were accepted as People of the Book and references to Buddha as Burxan or as a prophet can be found. After the initial destruction and pillage, Buddhists, Jains and Hindus were granted protected subject status as Dhimmis. By that time, however, most of the centers of Buddhist and Hindu learning were already destroyed

inhone 17 bar bharat par bar kiya