अन्वेषणों की समय-रेखा

मुक्त ज्ञानकोष विकिपीडिया से
यहाँ जाएँ: भ्रमण, खोज

यहाँ ऐतिहासिक दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण तकनीकी खोजों की समय के सापेक्ष सूची दी गयी है।

अनुक्रम

Paleolithic Era [संपादित करें]

10th millennium BC [संपादित करें]

9th millennium BC [संपादित करें]

8th millennium BC [संपादित करें]

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1st millennium BC [संपादित करें]

1st millennium CE [संपादित करें]

2nd millennium [संपादित करें]

11th century [संपादित करें]

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19th century [संपादित करें]

1800s [संपादित करें]

1810s [संपादित करें]

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1890s [संपादित करें]

20th century [संपादित करें]

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1910s [संपादित करें]

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1930s [संपादित करें]

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तृतीय सहस्राब्दी [संपादित करें]

इक्कीसवीं शताब्दी [संपादित करें]

2000 [संपादित करें]

इन्हें भी देखें [संपादित करें]

सन्दर्भ [संपादित करें]

  • Asimov, Isaac, "Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery", Harper & Row, 1989. ISBN 0-06-015612-0
  • De Bono, Edward, "Eureka! An Illustrated History of Inventions from the Wheel to the Computer", Thames & Hudson, 1974.
  • Gowlett, John, "Ascent to Civilization", McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. ISBN 0-07-544312-0
  • Platt, Richard, "Eureka!: Great Inventions and How They Happened", 2003.

वाह्य सूत्र [संपादित करें]

सन्दर्भ [संपादित करें]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stone age man used dentist drill. BBC News.
  2. ↑ Kryss Katsiavriades and Talaat Qureshi, Inventions - 3000 BC to 2000 BC.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lynn Townsend White, Jr. (April 1960). "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology", The American Historical Review 65 (3), p. 521.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Joseph Needham (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 2, p. 361. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
  5. ↑ Lynn Townsend White, Jr. (April 1960). "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology", The American Historical Review 65 (3), p. 516.
  6. ↑ Paper - one of the most important inventions of the last two millennia
  7. ↑ C. Wayne Smith, Joe Tom Cothren (1999). Cotton: Origin, History, Technology, and Production, p. viii. John Wiley and Sons. Technology & Industrial Arts. ISBN 0-471-18045-9.
  8. ↑ Richard Nelson Frye. Golden Age of Persia, p. 163
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Ahmad Y Hassan, Alcohol and the Distillation of Wine in Arabic Sources.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Otto Mayr (1970). The Origins of Feedback Control, MIT Press.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Teun Koetsier (2001). "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators", Mechanism and Machine theory 36, p. 590-591.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Dr. Kasem Ajram (1992). Miracle of Islamic Science, Appendix B. Knowledge House Publishers. ISBN 0-911119-43-4.
  13. ↑ The invention of cosmetics. 1001 Inventions.
  14. ↑ David A. King, "Islamic Astronomy", in Christopher Walker (1999), ed., Astronomy before the telescope, p. 167-168. British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-2733-7.
  15. ↑ Ahmad Y Hassan, Donald Routledge Hill (1986). Islamic Technology: An illustrated history, p. 54. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42239-6.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Paul Vallely, How Islamic Inventors Changed the World, The Independent, 11 Mar 2006.
  17. ↑ ओ'कॉनर, जॉन; रॉबर्टसन, एडमण्ड, "Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr Al-Khujandi", मैक्ट्यूटर हिस्ट्री ऑफ़ मैथेमैटिक्स, युनिवर्सिटी ऑफ़ सैंट एण्ड्रूज़, http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Khujandi.html .
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Ronald Watkins. Unknown Seas, p. 15.
  19. ↑ Lynn Townsend White, Jr. (April 1960). "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology", The American Historical Review 65 (3), p. 519.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Fielding H. Garrison, History of Medicine:
    "The Saracens themselves were the originators not only of algebra, chemistry, and geology, but of many of the so-called improvements or refinements of civilization, such as street lamps, window-panes, firework, stringed instruments, cultivated fruits, perfumes, spices, etc..."
  21. ↑ Piero Ariotti (Winter, 1968). "Galileo on the Isochrony of the Pendulum", Isis 59 (4), p. 414.
  22. ↑ Ingrid Hehmeyer and Aliya Khan (2007). "Islam's forgotten contributions to medical science", Canadian Medical Association Journal 176 (10).
  23. ↑ Zafarul-Islam Khan, At The Threshhold (sic) Of A New Millennium – II, The Milli Gazette.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 Khaled al-Hadidi (1978), "The Role of Muslem Scholars in Oto-rhino-Laryngology", The Egyptian Journal of O.R.L. 4 (1), p. 1-15. (cf. Ear, Nose and Throat Medical Practice in Muslim Heritage, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilization.)
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 A. I. Makki. "Needles & Pins", AlShindagah 68, Januray-February 2006.
  26. ↑ Robert Briffault (1938). The Making of Humanity, p. 191.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Khwarizm, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Robert E. Hall (1973). "Al-Khazini", Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. VII, p. 346.
  29. ↑ Marshall Clagett (1961). The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages, p. 64. University of Wisconsin Press.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Nicholas J. Wade, Stanley Finger (2001), "The eye as an optical instrument: from camera obscura to Helmholtz's perspective", Perception 30 (10), p. 1157-1177.
  31. ↑ Dr. A. Zahoor (1997). Al-Zarqali (Arzachel), University of Indonesia.
  32. ↑ Ahmad Y Hassan, Flywheel Effect for a Saqiya.
  33. ↑ Islam, Knowledge, and Science. University of Southern California.
  34. ↑ Linear astrolabe, Encyclopædia Britannica.
  35. ↑ Abdel Aziz al-Jaraki (2007), When Ridhwan al-Sa’ati Anteceded Big Ben by More than Six Centuries, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation.
  36. ↑ Georges Ifrah (2001). The Universal History of Computing: From the Abacus to the Quatum Computer, p. 171, Trans. E.F. Harding, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (See [1])
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Ahmad Y Hassan. The Crank-Connecting Rod System in a Continuously Rotating Machine.
  38. ↑ Professor Lynn Townsend White, Jr. (cf. The Automata of Al-Jazari, Topkapi Palace Museum, Istanbul.)
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Ahmad Y Hassan. The Origin of the Suction Pump - Al-Jazari 1206 A.D.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 A 13th Century Programmable Robot. University of Sheffield.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Arslan Terzioglu (2007). "The First Attempts of Flight, Automatic Machines, Submarines and Rocket Technology in Turkish History", The Turks (ed. H. C. Guzel), p. 804-810.
  42. ↑ Ahmad Y Hassan (1976). Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering, p. 34-35. Instiute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo.
  43. ↑ "SA MOTORING HISTORY - TIMELINE". Government of South Australia. http://www.history.sa.gov.au/motor/education/sa_motor_history.pdf. 
  44. ↑ Setright, L. J. K. (2004). Drive On!: A Social History of the Motor Car. Granta Books. ISBN 1-86207-698-7. 
  45. ↑ "Benefit to humanity"
  46. ↑ Who Invented The Tank? - Bovington Tank Museum
  47. ↑ [John Brockman, editor. The Greatest Inventions of the Past 2000 Years. Phoenix. 2000]
  48. ↑ David Lazarus (1995). 'Japan's Edison' Is Country's Gadget King : Japanese Inventor Holds Record for Patent. International Herald Tribune.
  49. ↑ Inventing Email
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